ArticleScientific reports2015
Primary Macrophage Chemotaxis Induced by Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists Occurs Independently of the CB2 Receptor.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The Use of CBD and Its Synthetic Analog HU308 in HIV-1-Infected Myeloid Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A critical review of cannabis in medicine and dentistry: A look back and the path forward.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Review
- Cannabinoid receptors in the inflammatory cells of canine atopic dermatitis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Endocannabinoid System and Tumour Microenvironment: New Intertwined Connections for Anticancer Approaches.Cells · 2021Review
- Localization of cannabinoid and cannabinoid related receptors in the cat gastrointestinal tract.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2020Article
- Article
- Mechanisms for Reducing Neuropathic Pain.Molecular neurobiology · 2020Review
- Paradoxical effects of JZL184, an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase, on bone remodelling in healthy and cancer-bearing mice.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Involvement of the myeloid cell compartment in fibrogenesis and systemic sclerosis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2019Review
- Cannabinoid receptor 2 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and neutrophil recruitment.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist JWH-015 Inhibits Interleukin-1β-Induced Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts and in Adjuvant Induced Arthritis Rat via Glucocorticoid Receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Localization of cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, GPR55, and PPARα in the canine gastrointestinal tract.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2018Article
- Activation of the Immune-Metabolic Receptor GPR84 Enhances Inflammation and Phagocytosis in Macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Absence of the Non-Signalling Chemerin Receptor CCRL2 Exacerbates Acute Inflammatory ResponsesFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- JWH-133, a Selective Cannabinoid CB₂ Receptor Agonist, Exerts Toxic Effects on Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2016Article
- Netrin-1 Reduces Monocyte and Macrophage Chemotaxis towards the Complement Component C5a.PloS one · 2016Article
- Cannabinoid Receptors Are Overexpressed in CLL but of Limited Potential for Therapeutic Exploitation.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activation of CB2 has been demonstrated to induce directed immune cell migration. However, the ability of CB2 to act as a chemoattractant receptor in macrophages remains largely unexplored. Using a real-time chemotaxis assay and a panel of chemically diverse and widely used CB2 agonists, we set out to examine whether CB2 modulates primary murine macrophage chemotaxis. We report that of 12 agonists tested, only JWH133, HU308, L-759,656 and L-759,633 acted as macrophage chemoattractants. Surprisingly, neither pharmacological inhibition nor genetic ablation of CB2 had any effect on CB2 agonist-induced macrophage chemotaxis. As chemotaxis was pertussis toxin sensitive in both WT and CB2(-/-) macrophages, we concluded that a non-CB1/CB2, Gi/o-coupled GPCR must be responsible for CB2 agonist-induced macrophage migration. The obvious candidate receptors GPR18 and GPR55 could not mediate JWH133 or HU308-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement or JWH133-induced β-arrestin recruitment in cells transfected with either receptor, demonstrating that neither are the unidentified GPCR. Taken together our results conclusively demonstrate that CB2 is not a chemoattractant receptor for murine macrophages. Furthermore we show for the first time that JWH133, HU308, L-759,656 and L-759,633 have off-target effects of functional consequence in primary cells and we believe that our findings have wide ranging implications for the entire cannabinoid field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.