Trial reportPloS one2015
Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk: a case-cohort study nested in a multicentre italian cohort.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Association between serum lipids and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- The Metabolic Syndrome Is a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity facts · 2020Pooled it
- Association between blood pressure and risk of cancer development: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
- Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Follow-Up Studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Pooled it
- Hypertension and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Association between allostatic load and risk of breast carcinoma in situ in the UK biobank.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Difference in breast size between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and changes in a woman's body size, subcutaneous fat tissue, and biochemical parameters.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- Obesity, chronic breast inflammation and carcinogenesis: Molecular pathways and clinical implications (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- From physiology to psychology: An integrative review of menopausal syndrome.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Exploring the association between metabolic syndrome, its components and subsequent cancer incidence: A cohort study in Catalonia.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- The relationship between demographic factors and known risk factors with breast cancer in women aged 30-69.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Metabolites Associated with Polygenic Risk of Breast Cancer.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- The Microbiome in the Obesity-Breast Cancer Axis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effect of Ginger on Inflammatory Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Insulin resistance and the development of breast cancer in premenopausal women: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic syndrome (defined as at least three among abdominal obesity, high blood triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood glucose, and high blood pressure) is emerging as a risk factor for breast cancer; however few studies - most confined to postmenopausal women - have investigated associations between breast cancer risk and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal and premenopausal women.
methodsWe performed a case-cohort study on 22,494 women recruited in 1993-1998 to four Italian centres (Turin, Varese, Naples, Ragusa) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and followed-up for up to 15 years. A random subcohort of 565 women was obtained and 593 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsPresence of metabolic syndrome was associated with significantly increased breast cancer risk in all women (HR 1.52, 95%CI 1.14-2.02). When the analyses were repeated separately for menopausal status, the association was limited to postmenopausal women (HR 1.80, 95%CI 1.22-2.65) and absent in premenopausal women (HR 0.71, 95%CI 0.43-1.16); P for interaction between metabolic syndrome and menopausal status was 0.001. Of metabolic syndrome components, only high blood glucose was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk in all women (HR 1.47, 95%CI 1.13-1.91) and postmenopausal women (HR 1.89, 95%CI 1.29-2.77), but not premenopausal women (HR 0.80, 95%CI 0.52-1.22; P interaction=0.004).
conclusionsThese findings support previous data indicating that metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women, and suggest that prevention of metabolic syndrome through lifestyle changes could confer protection against breast cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.