ArticleNature2015
Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels.
Article in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,483 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exploration of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
A Prospective, Single-center, Single-arm, Exploratory, 24-Month Study to Confirm Efficacy of Modified Deep Cervical Lymphovenous Anastomosis (LVA) in Subjects With Alzheimer's Disease/ Parkinson's Disease
The Role of the Glymphatic System Avaluated Thourgh mr Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of NPH
Exploring the Impact of Exercise-derived Extracellular Vesicle in Blood and Physical Fitness Data in Overweight/Obesity Individuals on Lymphangiogenesis
Prospective Single-Arm Safety Study of Cervical Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis (LVA) in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Cervical Lymph Vessel/Node-venous Anastomosis Combined With Donepezil Versus Donepezil Alone in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Who cites it
2,483 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 4,192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy for Pediatric and Young Adult Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: A Systematic Review of Early Phase Clinical Trials with a Focus on Diffuse Midline Glioma.Targeted oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The emerging role of the meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic systems in migraine pathophysiology: a systematic review.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Pooled it
- Brain lymphatic drainage pathways, deep cervical lymphatic surgery, and current insights: A systematic review.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Tissue-specific inflammatory responses to systemic LPS in mice with LysM-lineage Hmgb1 deletion.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid and dural accumulation of α-synuclein impairs CNS clearance in Parkinson's disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Invited Editorial: Sentinel Node Biopsy in the Neck Management of cN0 Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Multicenter Pilot Trial on Safety and Feasibility.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Cytokine circuits in CNS homeostasis and disease.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Meningeal Lymphatic LTBR Deficiency Links Spinal Cord Injury to Secondary Brain Pathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The glymphatic-lymphatic axis: known pathways, open questions, and emerging roles in neurodegeneration.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- How brain pulsations drive solute transport in the cranial subarachnoid space: insights from a toy model.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
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- Relationship of immune-inflammatory pathway and stress-induced depression with neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
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- Immune dysregulation and epileptogenesis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Whole-mouse immunolabeling at cellular resolution for comprehensive 3D atlases.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Ultrafast venous and sagittal sinus constrictions in the brain driven by abdominal pressure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Review
2,423 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Commented on byResponse.2016
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One of the characteristics of the central nervous system is the lack of a classical lymphatic drainage system. Although it is now accepted that the central nervous system undergoes constant immune surveillance that takes place within the meningeal compartment, the mechanisms governing the entrance and exit of immune cells from the central nervous system remain poorly understood. In searching for T-cell gateways into and out of the meninges, we discovered functional lymphatic vessels lining the dural sinuses. These structures express all of the molecular hallmarks of lymphatic endothelial cells, are able to carry both fluid and immune cells from the cerebrospinal fluid, and are connected to the deep cervical lymph nodes. The unique location of these vessels may have impeded their discovery to date, thereby contributing to the long-held concept of the absence of lymphatic vasculature in the central nervous system. The discovery of the central nervous system lymphatic system may call for a reassessment of basic assumptions in neuroimmunology and sheds new light on the aetiology of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases associated with immune system dysfunction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.