Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26028293›Full record

ArticleActa biomaterialia2015

Cartilage immunoprivilege depends on donor source and lesion location.

B Arzi, G D DuRaine, C A Lee, D J Huey, D L Borjesson, B G Murphy, J C Y Hu, N Baumgarth, K A Athanasiou

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta biomaterialia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Dorsal Augmentation Rhinoplasty by Cartilage Allograft.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Decellularization of Articular Cartilage: A Hydrochloric Acid-Based Strategy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

B ArziDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
G D DuRaineDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
C A LeeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
D J HueyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
D L BorjessonDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
B G MurphyDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
J C Y HuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
N BaumgarthDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
K A AthanasiouDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA. Electronic address: athanasiou@ucdavis.edu.

Funding

Engineering Lubrication in Tissue Engineered CartilageR01AR061496 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI ATHANASIOU, KYRIACOS A, REDDI, AKEPATI HARI · 2011 to 2014
$1.3M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR061496NIAMS NIH HHS R01AR061496
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to repair damaged cartilage is a major goal of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Allogeneic (same species, different individual) or xenogeneic (different species) sources can provide an attractive source of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering, since autologous (same individual) cells are scarce. Immune rejection of non-autologous hyaline articular cartilage has seldom been considered due to the popular notion of "cartilage immunoprivilege". The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of allogeneic and xenogeneic engineered neocartilage tissue for cartilage repair. To address this, scaffold-free tissue engineered articular cartilage of syngeneic (same genetic background), allogeneic, and xenogeneic origin were implanted into two different locations of the rabbit knee (n=3 per group/location). Xenogeneic engineered cartilage and control xenogeneic chondral explants provoked profound innate inflammatory and adaptive cellular responses, regardless of transplant location. Cytological quantification of immune cells showed that, while allogeneic neocartilage elicited an immune response in the patella, negligible responses were observed when implanted into the trochlea; instead the responses were comparable to microfracture-treated empty defect controls. Allogeneic neocartilage survived within the trochlea implant site and demonstrated graft integration into the underlying bone. In conclusion, the knee joint cartilage does not represent an immune privileged site, strongly rejecting xenogeneic but not allogeneic chondrocytes in a location-dependent fashion. This difference in location-dependent survival of allogeneic tissue may be associated with proximity to the synovium. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Through a series of in vivo studies this research demonstrates that articular cartilage is not fully immunoprivileged. In addition, we now show that anatomical location of the defect, even within the same joint compartment, strongly influences the degree of the resultant immune response. This is one of the first investigations to show that (1) immune tolerance to allogeneic tissue engineered cartilage and (2) subsequent implant survival are dependent on the implant location and proximity to the synovium.

Indexed as

Tissue DonorsAnimalsCartilageCattleFemaleFractures, CartilageImmunity, InnateRabbitsTreatment OutcomeCartilage defectImmune privilegeImmunogenicitySelf-assembling processTissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID26028293
PMCPMC4522233

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.