Trial reportThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2015
Abnormal Anterior Cingulate N-Acetylaspartate and Executive Functioning in Treatment-Resistant Depression After rTMS Therapy.
Trial report in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurometabolics of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in major depressive disorder (MDD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Pooled it
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation impacts the executive function of patients with vascular cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for People With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2021Pooled it
- Accelerated TMS for Depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychiatry research · 2019Pooled it
- Brain metabolite levels in remitted psychotic depression with consideration of effects of antipsychotic medication.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Acute and long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive episodes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials.Research square · 2026Article
- Cognition in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Obstacles and Challenges?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Neural Functioning in Late-Life Depression: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Hippocampal N-Acetlaspartate Levels and Visual Memory Scores in Alzheimer's Disease.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2024Article
- High-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC improves the response inhibition control of young healthy participants: an ERP combinedFrontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Functional MRI markers for treatment-resistant depression: Insights and challenges.Progress in brain research · 2023Review
- NAA/Glu Ratio Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Pilot Sample of Autistic Youth and Young Adults.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Early Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With Sertraline in Adolescents With First-Episode Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Function in Patients With Stress-Related Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind fMRI andFrontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Functional connectivity between the amygdala and subgenual cingulate gyrus predicts the antidepressant effects of ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2021Article
- Shared cognitive mechanisms of hypnotizability with executive functioning and information salience.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Serotonergic influence on depressive symptoms and trait anxiety is mediated by negative life events and frontal activation in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2020Article
- Executive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Anterior Cingulate-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity.Psychiatry investigation · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive impairment is a key feature of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and can be related to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an antidepressant intervention has increasingly been investigated in the last two decades. However, no studies to date have investigated the association between neurobiochemical changes within the anterior cingulate and executive dysfunction measured in TRD being treated with rTMS.
methodsThirty-two young depressed patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized study [active (n=18) vs. sham (n=14)]. ACC metabolism was investigated before and after high-frequency (15 Hz) rTMS using 3-tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The results were compared with 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Executive functioning was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) among 34 subjects with TRD and 28 healthy subjects.
resultsSignificant reductions in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline-containing Compound levels in the left ACC were found in subjects with TRD pre-rTMS when compared with healthy controls. After successful treatment, NAA levels increased significantly in the left ACC of subjects and were not different from those of age-matched controls. In the WCST, more perseverative errors and fewer correct numbers were observed in TRD subjects at baseline. Improvements in both perseverative errors and correct numbers occurred after active rTMS. In addition, improvement of perseverative errors was positively correlated with enhancement of NAA levels in the left ACC in the active rTMS group.
conclusionsOur results suggest that the NAA concentration in the left ACC is associated with an improvement in cognitive functioning among subjects with TRD response to active rTMS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.