ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2015
Crosstalk between macrophages and astrocytes affects proliferation, reactive phenotype and inflammatory response, suggesting a role during reactive gliosis following spinal cord injury.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immune dysregulation landscape and dynamic regulation of competing endogenous RNAs in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Engineering a targeted daphnetin delivery system to enhance spinal cord injury treatment effectiveness.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Macrophages Modulate Optic Nerve Crush Injury Scar Formation and Retinal Ganglion Cell Function.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- The Inflammatory Puzzle: Piecing together the Links between Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Glial suppression and post-traumatic stress disorder: A cross-sectional study of 1,520 world trade center responders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Microglial depletion impairs glial scar formation and aggravates inflammation partly by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in astrocytes after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Unraveling astrocyte behavior in the space brain: Radiation response of primary astrocytes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Hematogenous Macrophages Contribute to Fibrotic Scar Formation After Optic Nerve Crush.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- The use of viral vectors to promote repair after spinal cord injury.Experimental neurology · 2022Review
- Multifaceted Roles of cAMP Signaling in the Repair Process of Spinal Cord Injury and Related Combination Treatments.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Biomaterial and Therapeutic Approaches for the Manipulation of Macrophage Phenotype in Peripheral and Central Nerve Repair.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- S100-β aggravates spinal cord injury via activation of M1 macrophage phenotype.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2021Article
- The Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1/miR-224-5p/IL-33 Axis Modulates Macrophage M2a Polarization and A1 Astrocyte Activation.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- A multicenter retrospective study of heterogeneous tissue aggregates obstructing ventricular catheters explanted from patients with hydrocephalus.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2021Article
- Hematogenous Macrophages: A New Therapeutic Target for Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- TGFβ3 is neuroprotective and alleviates the neurotoxic response induced by aligned poly-l-lactic acid fibers on naïve and activated primary astrocytes.Acta biomaterialia · 2020Article
- Immune cell regulation of glia during CNS injury and disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2020Review
- Dissecting the Dual Role of the Glial Scar and Scar-Forming Astrocytes in Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Photobiomodulation Therapy Inhibit the Activation and Secretory of Astrocytes by Altering Macrophage Polarization.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2020Article
- Genetic and regulatory architecture of Alzheimer's disease in theAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLarge-scale macrophage infiltration and reactive astrogliosis are hallmarks of early spinal cord injury (SCI) pathology. The exact nature of the macrophage response and relationship between these phenomena have not been explored in detail. Here, we have investigated these responses using a combination of in vivo SCI models, organotypic and primary cultures.
methodsIn vivo macrophage response was investigated using a contusive injury mouse model. Interactions between astrocytes and macrophages were studied in primary or organotypic cultures. Proliferation was assessed though MTT assay and nucleotide incorporation and gene expression changes through qPCR.
resultsSeven days following contusive SCI, a mixed M1/M2 macrophage response was seen in the injury site. Conditioned medium from primary M1, but not M2, macrophages are able to induce astrocyte proliferation in both organotypic spinal cord cultures and primary astrocytes. Soluble factors from M1 macrophages induce a reactive astrocyte gene expression pattern, whereas M2 factors inhibit expression of these genes. M2-stimulated astrocytes are also able to decrease both M1 and M2 macrophage proliferation and decrease TNFα production in M1 macrophages.
conclusionsThese results suggest a strong role of M1 macrophages in inducing reactive astrogliosis and the existence of an astrocyte-mediated negative feedback system in order to dampen the immune response. These results, combined with the poor outcomes of the current immunosuppressive steroid treatments in SCI, indicate the need for more targeted therapies, taking into account the significantly different effects of M1 and M2 macrophages, in order to optimise outcome.
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