ArticleBlood2015
Race influences warfarin dose changes associated with genetic factors.
Article in Blood, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- SAMe-TTAmerican journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic Factors Influencing Warfarin Dose in Black-African Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Pooled it
- Genetic structure of pharmacogenetic biomarkers in Brazil inferred from a systematic review and population-based cohorts: a RIBEF/EPIGEN-Brazil initiative.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2018Pooled it
- Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin in Chinese Adults: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2020Trial
- Genotype-guided versus traditional clinical dosing of warfarin in patients of Asian ancestry: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2018Trial
- From Dialogue to Action: Community Recommendations for Inclusive Research Participation Among Underrepresented Populations.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Genetic Variability of CYP4F2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and ACE in the Chinese Yi Population.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Anticoagulation therapy and related outcomes among Asian patients after bioprosthetic valve replacement.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- A Chinese patient with cardiogenic stroke and warfarin resistance: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- SAMe-TTJACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Review
- Evaluating Reference Ages for Selecting Prosthesis Types for Heart Valve Replacement in Korea.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Genomewide Association Study Identifies Copy Number Variants Associated With Warfarin Dose Response and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in African Americans.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
- A retrospective analysis of preemptive pharmacogenomic testing in 22,918 individuals from China.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- The Impact of CYP2C9*11 Allelic Variant on the Pharmacokinetics of Phenytoin and (S)-Warfarin.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- Warfarin Dosing in Patients With CYP2C9*5 Variant Alleles.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- Analysis of Anticoagulation Therapy and Anticoagulation-Related Outcomes Among Asian Patients After Mechanical Valve Replacement.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer Treatments: A Sub-Saharan Africa Perspective.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Polygenic risk scores: An overview from bench to bedside for personalised medicine.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- Profiling of warfarin pharmacokinetics-associated genetic variants: Black Africans portray unique genetic markers important for an African specific warfarin pharmacogenetics-dosing algorithm.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2021Article
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9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Warfarin dosing algorithms adjust for race, assigning a fixed effect size to each predictor, thereby attenuating the differential effect by race. Attenuation likely occurs in both race groups but may be more pronounced in the less-represented race group. Therefore, we evaluated whether the effect of clinical (age, body surface area [BSA], chronic kidney disease [CKD], and amiodarone use) and genetic factors (CYP2C9*2, *3, *5, *6, *11, rs12777823, VKORC1, and CYP4F2) on warfarin dose differs by race using regression analyses among 1357 patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study and compared predictive ability of race-combined vs race-stratified models. Differential effect of predictors by race was assessed using predictor-race interactions in race-combined analyses. Warfarin dose was influenced by age, BSA, CKD, amiodarone use, and CYP2C9*3 and VKORC1 variants in both races, by CYP2C9*2 and CYP4F2 variants in European Americans, and by rs12777823 in African Americans. CYP2C9*2 was associated with a lower dose only among European Americans (20.6% vs 3.0%, P < .001) and rs12777823 only among African Americans (12.3% vs 2.3%, P = .006). Although VKORC1 was associated with dose decrease in both races, the proportional decrease was higher among European Americans (28.9% vs 19.9%, P = .003) compared with African Americans. Race-stratified analysis improved dose prediction in both race groups compared with race-combined analysis. We demonstrate that the effect of predictors on warfarin dose differs by race, which may explain divergent findings reported by recent warfarin pharmacogenetic trials. We recommend that warfarin dosing algorithms should be stratified by race rather than adjusted for race.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.