ArticlePloS one2015
Design space development for the extraction process of Danhong injection using a Monte Carlo simulation method.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Working within the Design Space: Do Our Static Process Characterization Methods Suffice?Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- The development of an herbal material quality control strategy considering the effects of manufacturing processes.Chinese medicine · 2019Article
- A novel quality by design approach for developing an HPLC method to analyze herbal extracts: A case study of sugar content analysis.PloS one · 2018Article
- A multiple biomarker assay for quality assessment of botanical drugs using a versatile microfluidic chip.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- A two-step approach for fluidized bed granulation in pharmaceutical processing: Assessing different models for design and control.PloS one · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
A design space approach was applied to optimize the extraction process of Danhong injection. Dry matter yield and the yields of five active ingredients were selected as process critical quality attributes (CQAs). Extraction number, extraction time, and the mass ratio of water and material (W/M ratio) were selected as critical process parameters (CPPs). Quadratic models between CPPs and CQAs were developed with determination coefficients higher than 0.94. Active ingredient yields and dry matter yield increased as the extraction number increased. Monte-Carlo simulation with models established using a stepwise regression method was applied to calculate the probability-based design space. Step length showed little effect on the calculation results. Higher simulation number led to results with lower dispersion. Data generated in a Monte Carlo simulation following a normal distribution led to a design space with a smaller size. An optimized calculation condition was obtained with 10,000 simulation times, 0.01 calculation step length, a significance level value of 0.35 for adding or removing terms in a stepwise regression, and a normal distribution for data generation. The design space with a probability higher than 0.95 to attain the CQA criteria was calculated and verified successfully. Normal operating ranges of 8.2-10 g/g of W/M ratio, 1.25-1.63 h of extraction time, and two extractions were recommended. The optimized calculation conditions can conveniently be used in design space development for other pharmaceutical processes.
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