Trial reportPloS one2015
Analysis of the prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus in adults.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 331 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Musical auditory training and cognitive auditory training: effects on the perception of tinnitus disorder.CoDAS · 2026Trial
- Photobiomodulation with near-infrared laser for tinnitus management: preliminary animal experiments and randomized clinical trials.Lasers in medical science · 2024Trial
- Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus in Spanish: a global feasibility trial.International journal of audiology · 2022Trial
- Effects of sound source localization of masking sound on perception level of simulated tinnitus.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Audiologist-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus in the United States: A Pilot Trial.American journal of audiology · 2021Trial
- Influence of Acupuncture on Autonomic Balance in Adult Tinnitus Patients: An Exploratory Study.Current medical science · 2019Trial
- Tinnitus among post-9/11 veterans: psychiatric comorbidity and associations with health and functional outcomes.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Tinnitus in urban settings: insights into lifestyle and medical factors from the Hamburg City Health Study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Association Between Hyperacusis and Tinnitus: Analysis of Prevalence and Impact on Daily Functioning.Audiology research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Epidemiological Determinants of Tinnitus in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Audiology research · 2026Article
- Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation.iScience · 2026Review
- Personalized Music-Embedded Sound Therapy Based on Gating Modulation and Neural Decoupling Reduces Tinnitus Severity.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Association between hypertension status and severity and tinnitus: a cross-sectional analysis of the Fasa adult cohort study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Associations of Dietary Factors, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity with Tinnitus: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Association between serum α-Klotho levels and tinnitus stratified by sex and depression: A cross-sectional study from NHANES.Medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus among Palestinian adolescents aged 15-18: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of hearing loss, age and tinnitus severity in a web-recruited cohort of 610 subjects.Journal of otology · 2026Article
- Whole-brain functional activity and connectivity for the classification of subjective tinnitus: a machine learning study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTinnitus is a common condition in adults; however, the pathophysiology of tinnitus remains unclear, and no large population-based study has assessed the associated risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with 19,290 participants ranging in age from 20 to 98 years old, between 2009 and 2012. We investigated the prevalence of tinnitus using a questionnaire and analyzed various possible factors associated with tinnitus using simple and multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling.
resultsThe prevalence of tinnitus was 20.7%, and the rates of tinnitus associated with no discomfort, moderate annoyance, and severe annoyance were 69.2%, 27.9%, and 3.0%, respectively. The prevalence of tinnitus and the rates of annoying tinnitus increased with age. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of tinnitus was higher for females, those with a smoking history, those reporting less sleep (≤ 6 h), those with more stress, those in smaller households, those with a history of hyperlipidemia osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, depression, thyroid disease, an abnormal tympanic membrane, unilateral hearing loss, bilateral hearing loss, noise exposure from earphones, noise exposure at the workplace, noise exposure outside the workplace, and brief noise exposure. Additionally, unemployed individuals and soldiers had higher AORs for tinnitus. The AOR of annoying tinnitus increased with age, stress, history of hyperlipidemia, unilateral hearing loss, and bilateral hearing loss.
conclusionsTinnitus is very common in the general population and is associated with gender, smoking, stress, sleep, hearing loss, hyperlipidemia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, depression, and thyroid disease history.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.