Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26019635›Full record

ArticleBiotechnology, biotechnological equipment2015

An overview of technologies for immobilization of enzymes and surface analysis techniques for immobilized enzymes.

Nur Royhaila Mohamad, Nur Haziqah Che Marzuki, Nor Aziah Buang, Fahrul Huyop, Roswanira Abdul Wahab

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 267 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
267citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

267 citing papers in PubMed.

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  11. Synthesis and characterization of ZrFeNanoscale advances · 2026
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  18. Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Reusable and Stable Support for Glucose Oxidase.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

207 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nur Royhaila MohamadDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Johor , Malaysia.
Nur Haziqah Che MarzukiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Johor , Malaysia.
Nor Aziah BuangDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Johor , Malaysia.
Fahrul HuyopDepartment of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Johor , Malaysia.
Roswanira Abdul WahabDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Johor , Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current demands of sustainable green methodologies have increased the use of enzymatic technology in industrial processes. Employment of enzyme as biocatalysts offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, biodegradability and catalytic efficiency. The harsh conditions of industrial processes, however, increase propensity of enzyme destabilization, shortening their industrial lifespan. Consequently, the technology of enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to circumvent these concerns by enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and also simplify downstream processing and improve operational stability. There are several techniques used to immobilize the enzymes onto supports which range from reversible physical adsorption and ionic linkages, to the irreversible stable covalent bonds. Such techniques produce immobilized enzymes of varying stability due to changes in the surface microenvironment and degree of multipoint attachment. Hence, it is mandatory to obtain information about the structure of the enzyme protein following interaction with the support surface as well as interactions of the enzymes with other proteins. Characterization technologies at the nanoscale level to study enzymes immobilized on surfaces are crucial to obtain valuable qualitative and quantitative information, including morphological visualization of the immobilized enzymes. These technologies are pertinent to assess efficacy of an immobilization technique and development of future enzyme immobilization strategies.

Indexed as

atomic force spectroscopycircular dichroismentrapmentenzymesimmobilizationnanoscalesurface analysis

Identifiers

PMID26019635
PMCPMC4434042

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.