ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2015
Exclusion of integrins from CNS axons is regulated by Arf6 activation and the AIS.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omics characterization of chronic social defeat stress recall-activated nuclei in Arc-GFP mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- From Regeneration Failure to Functional Restoration: Unlocking the Neuronal-Intrinsic Regenerative Capacity as a Therapeutic Frontier for Optic Neuropathy and Glaucoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- α-Actinin-1 in Megakaryocytes: Its Structure, Interacting Proteins and Implications for Thrombopoiesis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Activated alpha 9 integrin expression enables sensory pathway reconstruction after spinal cord injury.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Axon initial segment structure and function in health and disease.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Hyperactive delta isoform of PI3 kinase enables long-distance regeneration of adult rat corticospinal tract.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Neuronal maturation and axon regeneration: unfixing circuitry to enable repair.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Axon Initial Segments Are Required for Efficient Motor Neuron Axon Regeneration and Functional Recovery of Synapses.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Rabphilin3A reduces integrin-dependent growth cone signaling to restrict axon regeneration after trauma.Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Promoting axon regeneration in the central nervous system by increasing PI3-kinase signaling.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Review
- Integrin Signaling in the Central Nervous System in Animals and Human Brain Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Long-Term Cultures of Spinal Cord Interneurons.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- EFA6 in Axon Regeneration, as a Microtubule Regulator and as a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor.Cells · 2021Review
- Integrins protect sensory neurons in models of paclitaxel-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Integrin-α9β1 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Refractory Diseases: Recent Progress and Insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- ARF6 and Rab11 as intrinsic regulators of axon regeneration.Small GTPases · 2020Review
- PI 3-kinase delta enhances axonal PIPEMBO molecular medicine · 2020Article
- An integrin-binding array platform identifies αJournal of neuroscience methods · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Integrins are adhesion and survival molecules involved in axon growth during CNS development, as well as axon regeneration after injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Adult CNS axons do not regenerate after injury, partly due to a low intrinsic growth capacity. We have previously studied the role of integrins in axon growth in PNS axons; in the present study, we investigate whether integrin mechanisms involved in PNS regeneration may be altered or lacking from mature CNS axons by studying maturing CNS neurons in vitro. In rat cortical neurons, we find that integrins are present in axons during initial growth but later become restricted to the somato-dendritic domain. We investigated how this occurs and whether it can be altered to enhance axonal growth potential. We find a developmental change in integrin trafficking; transport becomes predominantly retrograde throughout axons, but not dendrites, as neurons mature. The directionality of transport is controlled through the activation state of ARF6, with developmental upregulation of the ARF6 GEF ARNO enhancing retrograde transport. Lowering ARF6 activity in mature neurons restores anterograde integrin flow, allows transport into axons, and increases axon growth. In addition, we found that the axon initial segment is partly responsible for exclusion of integrins and removal of this structure allows integrins into axons. Changing posttranslational modifications of tubulin with taxol also allows integrins into the proximal axon. The experiments suggest that the developmental loss of regenerative ability in CNS axons is due to exclusion of growth-related molecules due to changes in trafficking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.