ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2015
Regulation of the Neurodegenerative Process Associated to Parkinson's Disease by CD4+ T-cells.
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical evaluation of nitrated α-synuclein-specific CAR-Treg therapy in Parkinson's disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- CD4+T cell metabolic reprogramming as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Constipation Is Linked to Neuroinflammation in Early Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Upregulation of PD-1 on Peripheral T cells Subsets is Associated with Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease: From Bench to Bedside.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Abatacept inhibits Th17 differentiation and mitigates α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic dysfunction in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in the U.S.: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The immune system in Parkinson's disease: what we know so far.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Differentiation and regulation of CD4Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Gender differences in Alzheimer's may be associated with TLR4-LYN expression in damage associated microglia and neuronal phagocytosis.Journal of cellular physiology · 2024Article
- Blood Biomarkers in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Review in Context of Anesthetic Care.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Pathological Mechanism Between the Intestine and Brain in the Early Stage of Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- CD47 in the Brain and Neurodegeneration: An Update on the Role in Neuroinflammatory Pathways.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Alpha-Synuclein as a Prominent Actor in the Inflammatory Synaptopathy of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Intragastric Administration of Casein Leads to Nigrostriatal Disease Progressed Accompanied with Persistent Nigrostriatal-Intestinal Inflammation Activited and Intestinal Microbiota-Metabolic Disorders Induced in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Neurochemical research · 2021Article
- Caprylic acid ameliorates rotenone induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the gut-brain axis in Zebrafish.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Alpha-Synuclein Induced Immune Cells Activation and Associated Therapy in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuroinflammation constitutes a fundamental process involved in the physiopathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglial cells play a central role in the outcome of neuroinflammation and consequent neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Current evidence indicates that CD4+ T-cells infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) in PD, where they play a critical role determining the functional phenotype of microglia, thus regulating the progression of the neurodegenerative process. Here, we first analysed the pathogenic role of inflammatory phenotypes and the beneficial role of anti-inflammatory phenotypes of encephalitogenic CD4+ T-cells involved in the physiopathology of PD. Next, we discussed how alterations of neurotransmitter levels observed in the basal ganglia throughout the time course of PD progression could be strongly affecting the behaviour of encephalitogenic CD4+ T-cells and thereby the outcome of the neuroinflammatory process and the consequent neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Afterward, we integrated the evidence indicating the involvement of an antigen-specific immune response mediated by T-cells and B-cells against CNS-derived self-constituents in PD. Consistent with the involvement of a relevant autoimmune component in PD, we also reviewed the polymorphisms of both, class I and class II major histocompatibility complexes, associated to the risk of PD. Overall, this study gives an overview of how an autoimmune component involved in PD plays a fundamental role in the progression of the neurodegenerative process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.