ArticleJAMA psychiatry2015
Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: A Cross-National Analysis Based on 31,261 Respondents From 18 Countries.
Article in JAMA psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 593 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between autism and psychosis and the tools used to measure it: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Unravelling Distress in Psychotic-Like Experiences: A Systematic Review of Non-Clinical Populations.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- An update meta-analysis on the relationship between psychotic experiences and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive functioning in people with psychotic experiences: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of studies using network analysis to assess dynamics of psychotic-like experiences in community samples.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and Persistence of Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of Psychosis Among Refugees: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Prevalence of psychotic disorders and its association with methodological issues. A systematic review and meta-analyses.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Auditory verbal hallucinations and continuum models of psychosis: A systematic review of the healthy voice-hearer literature.Clinical psychology review · 2017Pooled it
- Differences Between Online Trial Participants Who Have Used Statutory Mental Health Services and Those Who Have Not: Analysis of Baseline Data From 2 Pragmatic Trials of a Digital Health Intervention.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Stress and Sleep Dynamics in Young Adults with Psychotic-Like Experiences Across Daily Life.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Direct and Indirect Effects of Workplace Bullying on Psychotic Experiences Among Tunisian Workers: The Intermediate Role of Shame.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Severe Mental Health Screening Signals Among Multinational Hajj Pilgrims in 2025: Implications for Multilingual Healthcare Encounters and Referral Planning.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Salience of Psychotic Experiences: Neural Correlates in the General Population.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Loneliness despite social integration: subjective loneliness without social isolation as a risk factor for psychotic-like experiences.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychotic-like experiences and non-suicidal self-injury in the community population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Review
- Prevalence estimates of nonordinary experiences depend on validity and measurement choices.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Social disconnection and psychotic-like experiences in the Slovak DISCONNECT epidemiological study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Social functioning, loneliness, and psychosis phenotype in the general population: a network analysis perspective.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Subclinical Psychotic Experiences: The Role of Daily-Life Social Interactions.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 19 institutions in 15 countries.
Funding
Abstract
importanceCommunity-based surveys find that many otherwise healthy individuals report histories of hallucinations and delusions. To date, most studies have focused on the overall lifetime prevalence of any of these psychotic experiences (PEs), which might mask important features related to the types and frequencies of PEs.
objectiveTo explore detailed epidemiologic information about PEs in a large multinational sample. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsWe obtained data from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, a coordinated set of community epidemiologic surveys of the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in representative household samples from 18 countries throughout the world, from 2001 through 2009. Respondents included 31,261 adults (18 years and older) who were asked about lifetime and 12-month prevalence and frequency of 6 types of PEs (2 hallucinatory experiences and 4 delusional experiences). We analyzed the data from March 2014 through January 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prevalence, frequency, and correlates of PEs.
resultsMean lifetime prevalence (SE) of ever having a PE was 5.8% (0.2%), with hallucinatory experiences (5.2% [0.2%]) much more common than delusional experiences (1.3% [0.1%]). More than two-thirds (72.0%) of respondents with lifetime PEs reported experiencing only 1 type. Psychotic experiences were typically infrequent, with 32.2% of respondents with lifetime PEs reporting only 1 occurrence and 31.8% reporting only 2 to 5 occurrences. We found a significant relationship between having more than 1 type of PE and having more frequent PE episodes (Cochran-Armitage z = -10.0; P < .001). Lifetime prevalence estimates (SEs) were significantly higher among respondents in middle- and high-income countries than among those in low-income countries (7.2% [0.4%], 6.8% [0.3%], and 3.2% [0.3%], respectively; χ²₂ range, 7.1-58.2; P < .001 for each) and among women than among men (6.6% [0.2%] vs 5.0% [0.3%]; χ²₁ = 16.0; P < .001). We found significant associations with lifetime prevalence of PEs in the multivariate model among nonmarried compared with married respondents (χ²₂ = 23.2; P < .001) and among respondents who were not employed (χ²₄= 10.6; P < .001) and who had low family incomes (χ²₃ = 16.9; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The epidemiologic features of PEs are more nuanced than previously thought. Research is needed that focuses on similarities and differences in the predictors of the onset, course, and consequences of distinct PEs.
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