ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2015
Is the Swedish FRAX model appropriate for Swedish immigrants?
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2024 UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Guideline
- [Osteoporosis-Definition, risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment (update 2024) : Guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Guideline
- UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2022Guideline
- European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Guideline
- A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX : A report prepared for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group and the International Osteoporosis Foundation.Archives of osteoporosis · 2016Pooled it
- Revised Swedish FRAX models and the establishment of age-dependent intervention thresholds.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- The recurrence of osteoporotic fractures among first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Fracture Risk Assessment in Metabolic Syndrome in Terms of Secondary Osteoporosis Potential. A Narrative Review.Calcified tissue international · 2025Review
- Race-specific FRAX models are evidence-based and support equitable care: a response to the ASBMR Task Force report on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- The hip fracture incidence in the high-risk area Oslo continues to decline.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- Subsequent fracture risk in Norwegians and immigrants with an index forearm fracture: a cohort study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Article
- An overview of the use of the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in osteoporosis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Review
- Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk among Older US Asian Adults.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Race/ethnic differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis, falls and fractures: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Article
- Incidence of hip fracture in Saudi Arabia and the development of a FRAX model.Archives of osteoporosis · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of hip fracture in Qatar and development of a country specific FRAX model.Archives of osteoporosis · 2022Article
- Fracture prediction from FRAX for Canadian ethnic groups: a registry-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021Article
- FRAX: re-adjust or re-think.Archives of osteoporosis · 2020Review
- Ethnic differences in risk of hip fracture in Norway: a NOREPOS study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Article
- Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Article
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8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
unlabelledThe incidence of hip fracture in Sweden is substantially lower in immigrants than in the population born in Sweden. Thus, the use of a FRAX® model in immigrants overestimates the risk of fracture, and the use of country of origin-specific models may be more appropriate.
introductionAge-specific fracture and mortality rates vary between countries so that FRAX tools are country-specific. In the case of immigrants, it is not known whether the model for the original or the new country is most appropriate. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of hip fractures in foreign-born and Swedish-born individuals residing in Sweden.
methodsWe studied the incidence of hip fracture in all men and women aged 50 years or more in Sweden between 1987 and 2002. The population comprised 2.8 million Swedish-born and 270,000 foreign-born individuals.
resultsIncident hip fractures occurred in 239,842 Swedish-born and 12,563 foreign-born individuals. The hip fracture incidence rose with age for both groups and was higher for women than men amongst both Swedish-born and foreign-born individuals. The hip fracture incidence for the Swedish-born cohort was approximately twice that of immigrants. For example, at the age of 70 years, the annual hip fracture incidence (per 100,000) was 450 (95 % CI 446-454) for a Swedish-born woman and 239 (95 % CI 223-257) for a foreign-born woman at the time of immigration. The hip fracture incidence rose slowly with time from immigration (0.6 % per annum, 95 % CI 0.5-0.8 %) but remained significantly lower than for Swedish-born individuals even after 40 years of residence.
conclusionsThe incidence of hip fracture in Sweden is substantially lower in immigrants than in the population native to Sweden. Although there was a small rise in age- and sex-specific incidence after immigration, the incidence remained markedly lower than that observed in Swedish-born individuals. Thus, the use of a FRAX model for Sweden will overestimate the risk of fracture for foreign-born individuals living in Sweden.
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