ArticlePrehospital emergency care2016
Prehospital Trauma Triage Decision-making: A Model of What Happens between the 9-1-1 Call and the Hospital.
Article in Prehospital emergency care, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- National guideline for the field triage of injured patients: Recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage, 2021.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2022Guideline
- Accuracy of pre-hospital triage tools for major trauma: a systematic review with meta-analysis and net clinical benefit.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2021Pooled it
- Decision Support Capabilities of Telemedicine in Emergency Prehospital Care: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical reasoning in the emergency medical services: an integrative review.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Urban Environmental Determinants and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Emergency Medical Service Response to Traumatic Injuries: A Five-Year Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Interpretation Accuracy and Theoretical Decision Impact of Prehospital Ultrasound for Paramedics - Analysis of a Rural Pilot Program.Prehospital emergency care · 2026Observational
- A Machine Learning Trauma Triage Model for Critical Care Transport.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Exploring patient and system factors impacting undertriage of injured patients meeting national field triage guideline criteria.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of Prehospital Ultrasound Training on Simulated Paramedic Clinical Decision-Making.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing and Addressing Model Trustworthiness Trade-offs in Trauma Triage.International journal of artificial intelligence tools : architectures, languages, algorithms · 2024Article
- Factors influencing non-conveyance care encounters in the ambulance service, registered nurses experiences - a qualitative study.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Decision-making on the fly: a qualitative study of physicians in out-of-hospital emergency medical services.BMC emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Fears and Concerns of Bystanders to Help People Injured in Traffic Accidents: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.Emergency medicine international · 2023Article
- Association of Trauma Center Designation With Postdischarge Survival Among Older Adults With Injuries.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Concept review of regionalized systems of acute care: Is regionalization the next frontier in sepsis care?Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2022Article
- Trauma-team-activation in Germany: how do emergency service professionals use the activation due to trauma mechanism? Results from a nationwide survey.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with School Nurses' Triage Competency in South Korea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Creating a Pediatric Prehospital Destination Decision Tool Using a Modified Delphi Method.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Priority setting in the Brazilian emergency medical service: a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We describe the decision-making process used by emergency medical services (EMS) providers in order to understand how 1) injured patients are evaluated in the prehospital setting; 2) field triage criteria are applied in-practice; and 3) selection of a destination hospital is determined. We conducted separate focus groups with advanced and basic life support providers from rural and urban/suburban regions. Four exploratory focus groups were conducted to identify overarching themes and five additional confirmatory focus groups were conducted to verify initial focus group findings and provide additional detail regarding trauma triage decision-making and application of field triage criteria. All focus groups were conducted by a public health researcher with formal training in qualitative research. A standardized question guide was used to facilitate discussion at all focus groups. All focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed. Responses were coded and categorized into larger domains to describe how EMS providers approach trauma triage and apply the Field Triage Decision Scheme. We conducted 9 focus groups with 50 EMS providers. Participants highlighted that trauma triage is complex and there is often limited time to make destination decisions. Four overarching domains were identified within the context of trauma triage decision-making: 1) initial assessment; 2) importance of speed versus accuracy; 3) usability of current field triage criteria; and 4) consideration of patient and emergency care system-level factors. Field triage is a complex decision-making process which involves consideration of many patient and system-level factors. The decision model presented in this study suggests that EMS providers place significant emphasis on speed of decisions, relying on initial impressions and immediately observable information, rather than precise measurement of vital signs or systematic application of field triage criteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.