ArticlePloS one2015
Delay and probability discounting of sexual and monetary outcomes in individuals with cocaine use disorders and matched controls.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexual discounting: A systematic review of discounting processes and sexual behavior.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Delay discounting of different outcomes: Review and theory.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Does being drunk or high cause HIV sexual risk behavior? A systematic review of drug administration studies.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2018Pooled it
- Polysubstance use patterns and risk behaviors among people with cocaine use disorder.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of d-cycloserine in cocaine dependence: Effects on contingency management and cue-induced cocaine craving in a naturalistic setting.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Impact of time perspectives on texting intervention to reduce HIV/STI transmission among female sex workers in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2019Trial
- Alcohol use disorders are associated with increased HIV risk behaviors in cocaine-dependent methadone patients.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2017Trial
- Interactive Relationships Between Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies and Delay Discounting on Risky Sex.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Trial
- Recent Experience Affects Delay Discounting: Evidence across Temporal Framing, Signs, and Magnitudes.Perspectives on behavior science · 2024Article
- The Use of Nonmonetary Outcomes in Health-Related Delay Discounting Research: Review and Recommendations.Perspectives on behavior science · 2024Review
- Delay discounting of protected sex and compulsive sexual behavior in women with borderline personality disorder.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2024Article
- Designing and Validating a Novel Method for Assessing Delay Discounting Associated With Health Behaviors: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Dopamine D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens cholinergic interneurons increase impulsive choice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Differential relationships between discount rates and health behaviors in an ethnically diverse college sample.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The association between risky decision making and cocaine conditioned place preference is moderated by sex.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- An empirical study of affective and cognitive functions in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2021Article
- Impulsivity in cocaine users compared to matched controls: Effects of sex and preferred route of cocaine use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- The discounting of death: Probability discounting of heroin use by fatal overdose likelihood and drug purity.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Are Associated with Greater Delay Discounting of Condom-Protected Sex and Money.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Article
- Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals with cocaine use disorders are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, partly due to higher rates of unprotected sex. Recent research suggests delay discounting of condom use is a factor in sexual HIV risk. Delay discounting is a behavioral economic concept describing how delaying an event reduces that event's value or impact on behavior. Probability discounting is a related concept describing how the uncertainty of an event decreases its impact on behavior. Individuals with cocaine use disorders (n = 23) and matched non-cocaine-using controls (n = 24) were compared in decision-making tasks involving hypothetical outcomes: delay discounting of condom-protected sex (Sexual Delay Discounting Task), delay discounting of money, the effect of sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk on likelihood of condom use (Sexual Probability Discounting Task), and probability discounting of money. The Cocaine group discounted delayed condom-protected sex (i.e., were more likely to have unprotected sex vs. wait for a condom) significantly more than controls in two of four Sexual Delay Discounting Task partner conditions. The Cocaine group also discounted delayed money (i.e., preferred smaller immediate amounts over larger delayed amounts) significantly more than controls. In the Sexual Probability Discounting Task, both groups showed sensitivity to STI risk, however the groups did not differ. The Cocaine group did not consistently discount probabilistic money more or less than controls. Steeper discounting of delayed, but not probabilistic, sexual outcomes may contribute to greater rates of sexual HIV risk among individuals with cocaine use disorders. Probability discounting of sexual outcomes may contribute to risk of unprotected sex in both groups. Correlations showed sexual and monetary results were unrelated, for both delay and probability discounting. The results highlight the importance of studying specific behavioral processes (e.g., delay and probability discounting) with respect to specific outcomes (e.g., monetary and sexual) to understand decision making in problematic behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.