SynthesisInternational journal of epidemiology2015
Adiposity as a cause of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in International journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
16.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization studies on coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies.JAMA network open · 2018Pooled it
- Causal Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 on Coronary Heart Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Pooled it
- Short telomere length is associated with impaired cognitive performance in European ancestry cohorts.Translational psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Metabolic signatures of birthweight in 18 288 adolescents and adults.International journal of epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents.Lancet (London, England) · 2016 · on this mapPooled it
- Proteomic profiles before and during weight loss: Results from randomized trial of dietary intervention.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Well-Known and Novel Behavioural Risk Factors for Heart Failure.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Human genetics suggests differing causal pathways from HMGCR inhibition to coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The causal role of genetically predicted obesity-related traits in heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Positive Impact of Health Check-Ups and Guidance in the General Population: A Database-Based Cohort Study in Japan.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Associations between carotid artery intima-media thickness, traditional risk factors and proteins.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2025Article
- Inequality of Opportunity in Body Mass: Evidence From Australia.Health economics · 2025Article
- The causal relationships between body composition and heart failure: A two-sample mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Life-course obesity and heart failure: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Advances in Mendelian Randomization Studies of Obesity Over the Past Decade: Uncovering Key Genetic Mechanisms.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Review
- Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI)-A Promising Anthropometric Indicator of Depressive Symptoms in Hospitalized Older Patients.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The correlation between mitochondrial derived peptide (MDP) and metabolic states: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Review
- The Impact of the Physical Activity Level on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
64 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Sara HäggDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Tove FallDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Alexander PlonerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Reedik MägiDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Krista FischerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Harmen H M DraismaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Mart KalsDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Paul S de VriesDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Abbas DehghanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Sara M WillemsDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Antti-Pekka SarinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Kati KristianssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Marja-Liisa NuotioDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Aki S HavulinnaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Renée F A G de BruijnDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
M Arfan IkramDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Maris KuningasDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Bruno H StrickerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Beben BenyaminDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Christian GiegerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Alistair S HallDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Ville HuikariDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Antti JulaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Marjo-Riitta JärvelinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Marika KaakinenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Jaakko KaprioDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Michael KoblDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Massimo ManginoDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Christopher P NelsonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Aarno PalotieDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Nilesh J SamaniDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Tim D SpectorDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
David P StrachanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Martin D TobinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
John B WhitfieldDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
André G UitterlindenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Veikko SalomaaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Ann-Christine SyvänenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Kari KuulasmaaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Patrik K MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Tõnu EskoDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Albert HofmanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Eco J C de GeusDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Vilmantas GiedraitisDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Markus PerolaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Alun EvansDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Jean FerrièresDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Jarmo VirtamoDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Frank KeeDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
David-Alexandre TregouetDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Dominique ArveilerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Philippe AmouyelDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Francesco GianfagnaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Paolo BrambillaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Samuli RipattiDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Cornelia M van DuijnDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Andres MetspaluDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Inga ProkopenkoDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Mark I McCarthyDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
Erik IngelssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Consortium
Uppsala University · SEEMGO Institute for Health and Care Research · NLNational Institute for Health Research · GBNetherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing · NLUniversity of Tartu · EEScience for Life Laboratory · SE
Funding
Integration of Genomics & Transcriptomics in Normal Twins & Major DepressionRC2MH089951 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2009 to 2010
$6.5MGenetics of cardiovascular risk factors in large founder population birth controlR01HL087679 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI HIRSCHHORN, JOEL N · 2007 to 2009
$4.0MGenomics of Developmental Trajectories in TwinsRC2MH089995 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HUDZIAK, JAMES J. · 2009 to 2010
$3.8MGenetic Influences on ADHD in a Finnish Birth CohortR01MH063706 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SMALLEY, SUSAN L · 2001 to 2005
$3.3MInterstitial Cystitis in Swedish TwinsU01DK066134 · NIDDK · KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE · PI PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2004 to 2008
$2.9MGENETIC &ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES--BIOBEHAVIORAL AGINGR01AG010175 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 1992 to 2006
$2.8MWhole Genome Assoc. Analysis Strategies for Multi. PhenotypesRL1MH083268 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI FREIMER, NELSON B. · 2007 to 2011
$2.1MDEMENTIA IN TWINSR01AG008724 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GATZ, MARGARET · 1990 to 2002
$1.4MCholesterol metabolism pathway: Cognitive change and Alzheimer's disease riskR01AG028555 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE · PI REYNOLDS, CHANDRA A · 2007 to 2010
$1.1MORIGINS OF VARIANCE IN THE OLD-OLD--OCTOGENARIAN TWINSR37AG008861 · NIA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI MCCLEARN, GERALD E · 1993 to 2002
$832kMajor Depression: Stage 1 Genomewide Association in Population-Based SamplesR01MH081802 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2007 to 2007
$138kGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES IN BEHAVIORAL AGINGR01AG004563 · NIA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI MCCLEARN, GERALD E · 1985 to 1988
–CCR NIH HHS N01-RC-37004CCR NIH HHS N01-RC-45035Medical Research Council G0500539Medical Research Council G0600705Medical Research Council G0601463Medical Research Council G0902313Medical Research Council G1001799Medical Research Council G1002319Medical Research Council MC_UP_0801/1Medical Research Council MR/L01629X/1Medical Research Council MR/N01104X/1NCI NIH HHS N01-CN-45165NHLBI NIH HHS 5R01HL087679-02NIA NIH HHS AG028555NIA NIH HHS AG04563NIA NIH HHS AG08724NIA NIH HHS AG08861NIA NIH HHS AG10175NIDDK NIH HHS DK U01-066134NIMH NIH HHS 1RC2MH089951-01NIMH NIH HHS 1RC2MH089995-01NIMH NIH HHS 1RL1MH083268-01NIMH NIH HHS 5R01MH63706:02NIMH NIH HHS MH081802PHS HHS NIH, R01D0042157-01APHS HHS NIMH U24 MH068457-06Wellcome Trust 090532Wellcome Trust 098381
Abstract
backgroundAdiposity, as indicated by body mass index (BMI), has been associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate if these associations are causal, using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.
methodsThe associations of BMI with cardiovascular outcomes [coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and ischaemic stroke], and associations of a genetic score (32 BMI single nucleotide polymorphisms) with BMI and cardiovascular outcomes were examined in up to 22,193 individuals with 3062 incident cardiovascular events from nine prospective follow-up studies within the ENGAGE consortium. We used random-effects meta-analysis in an MR framework to provide causal estimates of the effect of adiposity on cardiovascular outcomes.
resultsThere was a strong association between BMI and incident CHD (HR = 1.20 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-1.28, P = 1.9.10(-7)), heart failure (HR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.35-1.60, P = 9.10(-19)) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.06-1.24, P = 0.0008) in observational analyses. The genetic score was robustly associated with BMI (β = 0.030 SD-increase of BMI per additional allele, 95% CI, 0.028-0.033, P = 3.10(-107)). Analyses indicated a causal effect of adiposity on development of heart failure (HR = 1.93 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-3.30, P = 0.017) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.05-3.20, P = 0.034). Additional cross-sectional analyses using both ENGAGE and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data showed a causal effect of adiposity on CHD.
conclusionsUsing MR methods, we provide support for the hypothesis that adiposity causes CHD, heart failure and, previously not demonstrated, ischaemic stroke.
Indexed as
AdiposityBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProspective Studiesbody mass indexCardiovascular diseaseepidemiologyMendelian randomization
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