Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26016486›Full record

ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2015

Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management.

Steven Y C Tong, Joshua S Davis, Emily Eichenberger, Thomas L Holland, Vance G Fowler

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06719219 (A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blinded and Controlled Trial to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Multicomponent Staphylococcus Aureus Toxoid Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 2,395 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,395citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
125.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06719219 phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blinded and Controlled Trial to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Multicomponent Staphylococcus Aureus Toxoid Vaccine (LTB-SA7) in Healthy Adults.

TypeinterventionalSponsorLimmaTech Biologics AGRan2025 to 2026Enrolled129ConditionsStaphylococcus (S.) Aureus InfectionArmsLTB-SA7, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2,395 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 4,961 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. Microbiome Profiling Reveals Prognostic Heterogeneity inmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. InJournal of bacteriology · 2026
    Article
  20. Loss of the ApJournal of bacteriology · 2026
    Article

2,335 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Steven Y C TongGlobal and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Steven.Tong@menzies.edu.au vance.fowler@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-8356
Joshua S DavisGlobal and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Emily EichenbergerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Thomas L HollandDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Vance G FowlerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA Steven.Tong@menzies.edu.au vance.fowler@duke.edu.
Duke Medical Center · USMenzies School of Health Research · AUClinical Research Institute · US

Funding

Host Susceptibility to S. aureusR01AI068804 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI FOWLER, VANCE G. · 2007 to 2016
$6.9M
Mentoring Patient Oriented Research in Antibiotic-Resistant BacteriaK24AI093969 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI FOWLER, VANCE G. · 2011 to 2020
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI093969NIAID NIH HHS K24-AI093969NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI068804NIAID NIH HHS R01-AI068804
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical infections. It is a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, and device-related infections. This review comprehensively covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of each of these clinical entities. The past 2 decades have witnessed two clear shifts in the epidemiology of S. aureus infections: first, a growing number of health care-associated infections, particularly seen in infective endocarditis and prosthetic device infections, and second, an epidemic of community-associated skin and soft tissue infections driven by strains with certain virulence factors and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. In reviewing the literature to support management strategies for these clinical manifestations, we also highlight the paucity of high-quality evidence for many key clinical questions.

Indexed as

Staphylococcal Infectionsbeta-Lactam ResistanceCommunity-Acquired InfectionsCross InfectionHumansProsthesis-Related InfectionsRisk FactorsStaphylococcus aureusVirulence FactorsVirulence Factors

Identifiers

PMID26016486
PMCPMC4451395
OpenAlexW1878404532

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.