Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26016483›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2015

Association between Benzodiazepine Use and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis.

GuoChao Zhong, Yi Wang, Yong Zhang, Yong Zhao

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  2. Use of Drugs Affecting GABAMolecular neurobiology · 2025
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  10. 2017 HIVMA of IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Chronic Pain in Patients Living With HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017
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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

GuoChao ZhongThe Second Student Office of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yi WangThe Second Student Office of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yong ZhangSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yong ZhaoSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe association between long-term benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia remains controversial. Therefore, current study aimed to quantify this association, and to explore a potential dose-response pattern.

methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library through August 17, 2014. We included nested case-control or prospective cohort studies that provided risk estimates on the association of benzodiazepine use with risk of dementia, and a clear definition of status of benzodiazepine use. Overall effect size was calculated using a random-effects model.

findingsSix studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 11,891 dementia cases and 45,391 participants. Compared with never users, pooled adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for dementia were 1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-1.72) for ever users, 1.55 (95% CI 1.31-1.83) for recent users, and 1.55 (95% CI 1.17-2.03) for past users. The risk of dementia increased by 22% for every additional 20 defined daily dose per year (RR, 1.22, 95%CI 1.18-1.25). When we restricted our meta-analyses to unadjusted RRs, all initial significant associations persisted.

conclusionsLong-term benzodiazepine users have an increased risk of dementia compared with never users. However, findings from our study should be treated with caution due to limited studies and potential reverse causation. Large prospective cohort studies with long follow-up duration are warranted to confirm these findings.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overBenzodiazepinesCase-Control StudiesDementiaDose-Response Relationship, DrugHumansOdds RatioProspective StudiesRiskTime FactorsBenzodiazepines

Identifiers

PMID26016483
PMCPMC4446315

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.