ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
Urinary cadmium and estimated dietary cadmium in the Women's Health Initiative.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of GMDTC for Cadmium Poisoning: A Randomized Phase 1a/1b Trial.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Modulation of Adverse Health Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure by Zinc and Its Transporters.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The Association Between Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Parathyroid Hormone Levels.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Review
- Prenatal cadmium exposure has inter-generational adverse effects on Sertoli cells through the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor pathway.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Article
- Estimation of health risks associated with dietary cadmium exposure.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Urinary cadmium concentrations and intake of nutrients, food groups and dietary patterns in women from Northern Mexico.Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment · 2023Article
- Urinary cadmium and stroke - a case-cohort study in Danish never-smokers.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Comparison of Methodologies to Estimate Dietary Cadmium Intake in an Italian Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Association between dietary cadmium intake and early gastric cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study.European journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- The association between cumulative cadmium intake and osteoporosis and risk of fracture in a Chinese population.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2019Article
- Dietary Cadmium Intake and Sources in the US.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Protective effect of grape or apple juices in bone tissue of rats exposed to cadmium: role of RUNX-2 and RANK/L expression.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Dietary Cadmium Intake and Its Effects on Kidneys.Toxics · 2018Review
- Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of urinary cadmium among children and nonsmoker adolescents.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Cadmium exposure and endometrial cancer risk: A large midwestern U.S. population-based case-control study.PloS one · 2017Article
- Dietary predictors of urinary cadmium among pregnant women and children.The Science of the total environment · 2017Article
- Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
- Association of Geography and Ambient Air Pollution with Urine Metal Concentrations in Six US Cities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cadmium, a heavy metal dispersed in the environment as a result of industrial and agricultural applications, has been implicated in several human diseases including renal disease, cancers, and compromised bone health. In the general population, the predominant sources of cadmium exposure are tobacco and diet. Urinary cadmium (uCd) reflects long-term exposure and has been frequently used to assess cadmium exposure in epidemiological studies; estimated dietary intake of cadmium (dCd) has also been used in several studies. The validity of dCd in comparison with uCd is unclear. This study aimed to compare dCd, estimated from food frequency questionnaires, to uCd measured in spot urine samples from 1,002 participants of the Women's Health Initiative. Using linear regression, we found that dCd was not statistically significantly associated with uCd (β=0.006, P-value=0.14). When stratified by smoking status, dCd was not significantly associated with uCd both in never smokers (β=0.006, P-value=0.09) and in ever smokers (β=0.003, P-value=0.67). Our results suggest that because of the lack of association between estimated dCd and measured uCd, dietary estimation of cadmium exposure should be used with caution in epidemiologic studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.