Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26014468›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of managed care2015

Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections at retail clinics, physician practices, and emergency departments.

Ateev Mehrotra, Courtney A Gidengil, Claude M Setodji, Rachel M Burns, Jeffrey A Linder

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of managed care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pediatric Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns From Emergency Department Visits.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026
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  5. Observational
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  7. Observational
  8. Association of a Clinician's Antibiotic-Prescribing Rate With Patients' Future Likelihood of Seeking Care and Receipt of Antibiotics.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021
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  9. Article
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  11. Observational
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  16. Observational
  17. Primary Care Practice Transformation and the Rise of Consumerism.Journal of general internal medicine · 2017
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Using Clinical Vignettes to Assess Quality of Care for Acute Respiratory Infections.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing · 2016
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ateev MehrotraDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: Mehrotra@hcp.med.harvard.edu.
Courtney A Gidengil
Claude M Setodji
Rachel M Burns
Jeffrey A Linder

Funding

University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstitutionKL2RR024154 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2006 to 2011
$22.2M
Use of Behavioral Economics to Improve Treatment of Acute Respiratory InfectionsRC4AG039115 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI DOCTOR, JASON N. · 2010 to 2010
$11.5M
Demonstration of Near Zero Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute BronchitisR18HS018419 · AHRQ · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LINDER, JEFFREY A. · 2010 to 2013
$1.2M
Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Infections: Impact of Shifts in CareR21AI097759 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI MEHROTRA, ATEEV · 2012 to 2013
$560k
AHRQ HHS R18 HS018419NCRR NIH HHS KL2 RR024154NCRR NIH HHS KL2 RR 24154-6NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI097759NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI097759-01NIA NIH HHS RC4 AG039115
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo compare antibiotic prescribing among retail clinics, primary care practices, and emergency departments (EDs) for acute respiratory infections (ARIs): antibiotics-may-be-appropriate ARIs (eg, sinusitis) and antibiotics-never-appropriate ARIs (eg, acute bronchitis). STUDY

designWe analyzed retail clinic data from the electronic health records of the 3 largest retail clinic chains in the United States, and data on visits to primary care practices and EDs from the nationally representative National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.

methodsUsing multivariate models, we estimated an adjusted antibiotic prescribing rate for each site of care, controlling for differences in patient characteristics and diagnosis.

resultsFrom 2007 to 2009 in the United States, there were 3 million, 167 million, and 29 million ARI visits at retail clinics, primary care practices, and EDs, respectively. For all ARI visits, the adjusted antibiotic prescribing rate at retail clinics (58%) was similar to the rate at primary care practices (62%; P=.09) and EDs (59%; P=.48). For antibiotics-may-be-appropriate ARI visits, the adjusted antibiotic prescribing rate (95%) at retail clinics was higher than at primary care practices (85%; P<.01) and EDs (83%; P<.01). For antibiotics-never-appropriate ARI visits, the adjusted antibiotic prescribing rate (34%) at retail clinics was lower than at primary care practices (51%; P<.01) and EDs (48%; P<.01).

conclusionsCompared with primary care practices and EDs, there was no difference at retail clinics in overall ARI antibiotic prescribing. At retail clinics, antibiotic prescribing was more diagnosis-appropriate.

Indexed as

Ambulatory Care FacilitiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsDrug UtilizationEmergency Service, HospitalHealth Care SurveysHumansInappropriate PrescribingPractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareRespiratory Tract InfectionsUnited StatesAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID26014468
PMCPMC13160585

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.