ArticlePloS one2015
Environmental mold and mycotoxin exposures elicit specific cytokine and chemokine responses.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and MCI: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Adverse Obstetrical Outcomes with In-Utero Exposure to Indoor Macrocyclic Trichothecenes,Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Potential mechanisms and effects of AFB1-induced asthma: A comprehensive analysis based on network toxicology and molecular docking.PloS one · 2026Article
- Emerging Human Health Problems Caused by Pathogenic and Immuno-activating Fungi.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Differential effects of exposure to toxic or nontoxic mold spores on brain inflammation and Morris water maze performance.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- Chronic Occupational Mold Exposure Drives Expansion ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Mold-induced Pulmonary Immune Responses and Arterial Remodeling.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2020Article
- The costs of high self-control in Black and Latino youth with asthma: Divergence of mental health and inflammatory profiles.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Article
- Article
- Precision Medicine: The Role of the MSIDS Model in Defining, Diagnosing, and Treating Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome and Other Chronic Illness: Part 2.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Proinflammatory cytokines and response to molds in mononuclear cells of patients with Meniere disease.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Parents' childhood socioeconomic circumstances are associated with their children's asthma outcomes.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2017Observational
- Clinical Diagnosis of the Dampness and Mold Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Review of the Literature and Suggested Diagnostic Criteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Environmental Factors Impacting Bone-Relevant Chemokines.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Article
- Repeated Mouse Lung Exposures to Stachybotrys chartarum Shift Immune Response from Type 1 to Type 2.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2016Article
- Is Mold Toxicity Really a Problem for Our Patients? Part 2-Nonrespiratory Conditions.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2016Article
- An Evolutionary-Based Framework for Analyzing Mold and Dampness-Associated Symptoms in DMHS.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Dimensions of Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Asthma Outcomes: Evidence for Distinct Behavioral and Biological Associations.Psychosomatic medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMolds can cause respiratory symptoms and asthma. We sought to use isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to understand changes in cytokine and chemokine levels in response to mold and mycotoxin exposures and to link these levels with respiratory symptoms in humans. We did this by utilizing an ex vivo assay approach to differentiate mold-exposed patients and unexposed controls. While circulating plasma chemokine and cytokine levels from these two groups might be similar, we hypothesized that by challenging their isolated white blood cells with mold or mold extracts, we would see a differential chemokine and cytokine release. METHODS AND
findingsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood from 33 patients with a history of mold exposures and from 17 controls. Cultured PBMCs were incubated with the most prominent Stachybotrys chartarum mycotoxin, satratoxin G, or with aqueous mold extract, ionomycin, or media, each with or without PMA. Additional PBMCs were exposed to spores of Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium herbarum and Penicillium chrysogenum. After 18 hours, cytokines and chemokines released into the culture medium were measured by multiplex assay. Clinical histories, physical examinations and pulmonary function tests were also conducted. After ex vivo PBMC exposures to molds or mycotoxins, the chemokine and cytokine profiles from patients with a history of mold exposure were significantly different from those of unexposed controls. In contrast, biomarker profiles from cells exposed to media alone showed no difference between the patients and controls.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that chronic mold exposures induced changes in inflammatory and immune system responses to specific mold and mycotoxin challenges. These responses can differentiate mold-exposed patients from unexposed controls. This strategy may be a powerful approach to document immune system responsiveness to molds and other inflammation-inducing environmental agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.