Observational studyJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2015
Long-term Prescription of Opioids and/or Benzodiazepines and Mortality Among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Patients.
Observational study in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03692611 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Novel Intervention for Chronic Pain Tailored to People Living With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Novel Intervention for Chronic Pain Tailored to People Living With HIV
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Risk Factors and Mortality Among Patients With Different Combination Patterns of Opioids and Benzodiazepines: A Retrospective Study.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Evolving AIDS- and non-AIDS Mortality and Predictors in the PISCIS Cohort of People Living With HIV in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands (Spain), 1998-2020.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the efficacy and mechanisms of a novel intervention for chronic pain tailored to people with HIV: The STOMP protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Article
- Effects of Morphine on Gp120-induced Neuroinflammation Under Immunocompetent Vs. Immunodeficient Conditions.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- The Synthetic Opioid Fentanyl Increases HIV Replication and Chemokine Co-Receptor Expression in Lymphocyte Cell Lines.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Persistent sensory changes and sex differences in transgenic mice conditionally expressing HIV-1 Tat regulatory protein.Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Predictors and Consequences of Prescription Opioid Use in Women Living With and Without HIV: 20-Year Follow-Up.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Observational
- Cannabis use, pain interference, and prescription opioid receipt among persons with HIV: a target trial emulation study.AIDS care · 2022Article
- Review
- Predictors of chronic opioid therapy in Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain Medication, and in-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19 in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Structure-Based Design and Development of Chemical Probes Targeting Putative MOR-CCR5 Heterodimers to Inhibit Opioid Exacerbated HIV-1 Infectivity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Effects of HIV gp120 on Neuroinflammation in Immunodeficient vs. Immunocompetent States.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- Geriatric Syndromes in People Living with HIV Associated with Ageing and Increasing Comorbidities: Implications for Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
- Escalating morphine dosing in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice with sustained Tat exposure reveals an allostatic shift in neuroinflammatory regulation accompanied by increased neuroprotective non-endocannabinoid lipid signaling molecules and amino acids.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- All-cause mortality among males living with and without HIV initiating long-term opioid therapy, and its association with opioid dose, opioid interruption and other factors.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Observational
- Mortality Following Nonfatal Opioid and Sedative/Hypnotic Drug Overdose.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Article
- The impact of high-dose opioid prescription on mortality rates among people living with HIV: A retrospective cohort study.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased long-term prescription of opioids and/or benzodiazepines necessitates evaluating risks associated with their receipt. We sought to evaluate the association between long-term opioids and/or benzodiazepines and mortality in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and uninfected patients.
methodsProspective analysis of all-cause mortality using multivariable methods and propensity score matching among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and uninfected patients.
resultsOf 64,602 available patients (16,989 HIV-infected and 47,613 uninfected), 27,128 (exposed and unexposed to long-term opioids and/or benzodiazepines) were 1:1 matched by propensity score. The hazard ratio for death was 1.40 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22 to 1.61] for long-term opioid receipt, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.48) for long-term benzodiazepine receipt, and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.26 to 1.92) for long-term opioid and benzodiazepine receipt. There was an interaction (P = 0.01) between long-term opioid receipt and HIV status with mortality. For long-term opioid receipt, the hazard ratio was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.87) among HIV-infected patients, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.49) among uninfected patients. Mortality risk was increased for patients receiving both long-term opioids and benzodiazepines when opioid doses were ≥ 20 mg morphine-equivalent daily dose and for patients receiving long-term opioids alone when doses were ≥ 50 mg morphine-equivalent daily dose.
conclusionsLong-term opioid receipt was associated with an increased risk of death; especially with long-term benzodiazepine receipt, higher opioid doses, and among HIV-infected patients. Long-term benzodiazepine receipt was associated with an increased risk of death regardless of opioid receipt. Strategies to mitigate risks associated with these medications, and caution when they are coprescribed, are needed particularly in HIV-infected populations.
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