ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina by release of gliotransmitters.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Retinopathy of Prematurity With Low Levels of Arachidonic Acid: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA ophthalmology · 2018Trial
- Layer-Specific Retinal Perfusion as a Personalized Biomarker: Evaluating the Subclinical Microanatomical Effects of Intracameral Cefuroxime After Routine Cataract Surgery.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- The role of prostanoids in the retina and optic nerve in health and disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Age-Related Neurovascular Dysfunction in the Retina and Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Astrocytic Neurovascular Signalling Dysfunction in Glaucoma: Neurochemical Mechanisms and Translational Implications.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Sympathetic Stress and Sleep Loss in Diabetic Retinopathy: Links to Retinal Blood-Flow Control.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Endothelial TGFβ signaling modulates choroidal neovascularization severity via myeloid-endothelial cell interaction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting the neurovascular unit in retinal fibrosis: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Retinal Neurovascular Coupling: From Mechanisms to a Diagnostic Window into Brain Disorders.Cells · 2025Review
- Advances in Modeling the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: From Static Tissue Cell Cultures to Microphysiological Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Purinergic P2X7 receptor involves in anti-retinal photodamage effects of berberine.Purinergic signalling · 2025Article
- Role of astrocytic mu-opioid receptors of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in modulating anxiety-like responses.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2025Article
- The Calcium Signalling Profile of the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier in Diabetic Retinopathy.Cells · 2025Review
- Diabetes-Driven Retinal Neurodegeneration: Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- Growth Hormone Neuroprotective Effects After an Optic Nerve Crush in the Male Rat.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
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- Cellular communication network factor 1 promotes retinal leakage in diabetic retinopathy via inducing neutrophil stasis and neutrophil extracellular traps extrusion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration, a Mathematically Tractable Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Review
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Astrocytes in the brain release transmitters that actively modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic efficacy. Astrocytes also release vasoactive agents that contribute to neurovascular coupling. As reviewed in this article, Müller cells, the principal retinal glial cells, modulate neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina. Stimulated Müller cells release ATP which, following its conversion to adenosine by ectoenzymes, hyperpolarizes retinal ganglion cells by activation of A1 adenosine receptors. This results in the opening of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels. Tonic release of ATP also contributes to the generation of tone in the retinal vasculature by activation of P2X receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascular tone is lost when glial cells are poisoned with the gliotoxin fluorocitrate. The glial release of vasoactive metabolites of arachidonic acid, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), contributes to neurovascular coupling in the retina. Neurovascular coupling is reduced when neuronal stimulation of glial cells is interrupted and when the synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites is blocked. Neurovascular coupling is compromised in diabetic retinopathy owing to the loss of glial-mediated vasodilation. This loss can be reversed by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase. It is likely that future research will reveal additional important functions of the release of transmitters from glial cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.