ArticleMedical molecular morphology2016
Immunohistochemical co-expression status of cytokeratin 5/6, androgen receptor, and p53 as prognostic factors of adjuvant chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer.
Article in Medical molecular morphology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Data modeling the interplay between single-cell shape, single-cell protein expression, and tissue state.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Keratin as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer Progression: An Evidence-Synthesizing Narrative Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- Effect of HER2-low expression on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Beyond Triple-Negative: High Prevalence of Quadruple-Negative Breast Cancer in African Americans.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Tailoring Potential Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Luminal Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Expression of the Immunohistochemical Markers CK5, CD117, and EGFR in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Correlated with Prognosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Loss of SNAI1 induces cellular plasticity in invasive triple-negative breast cancer cells.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- A triple-negative breast cancer surrogate subtype classification that correlates with gene expression subtypes.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Cytokeratin 5 and cytokeratin 6 expressions are unconnected in normal and cancerous tissues and have separate diagnostic implications.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2022Article
- Medullary breast cancer is a predominantly triple-negative breast cancer - histopathological analysis and comparison with invasive ductal breast cancer.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- Article
- Establishment of a model for predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound and clinicopathological features.Gland surgery · 2021Article
- MicroRNA-223 is Associated with Resistance Towards Platinum-based Chemotherapy and Worse Prognosis in Indonesian Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patients.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2021Article
- Insights for the application of TILs and AR in the treatment of TNBC in routine clinical practice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Androgen Receptor mRNA levels determine the prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients.BMC cancer · 2020Article
- DNA damage repair functions and targeted treatment in breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Review
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation between Androgen Receptor Expression and Pathological Response.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Lack of Androgen Receptor Expression Selects for Basal-Like Phenotype and Is a Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome in Non-Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Androgen receptor and FOXA1 coexpression define a "luminal-AR" subtype of feline mammary carcinomas, spontaneous models of breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Association of p53 expression with poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma.Medicine · 2019Observational
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is immunohistochemically characterised by the lack of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). TNBC is known for its poor prognosis and high recurrence probability. There is no effective targeted treatment for TNBC, but only adjuvant chemotherapies. There are two TNBC subtypes, basal-like and non-basal-like, which are defined based on positive cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. In particular, CK5/6 expression is reported to correlate with TNBC recurrence. TNBC lacks ER-α expression, but some TNBCs are known to express the androgen receptor (AR). Moreover, although p53 accumulation is detected in various malignant tumors, its influence on adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with TNBC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the combined immunohistochemical expression of CK 5/6, AR, and p53 as a potential prognostic marker of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with TNBC. The expression of CK5/6, AR, and p53 in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) surgical sections from 52 patients with TNBC was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the co-expression patterns in individual cells were investigated by immunofluorescent (IF) staining. Low AR expression was correlated with high clinical stage (P < 0.05) and low nuclear grade (P < 0.05). The expression of CK5/6 and p53 did not correlate with clinicopathological features. Patients who needed adjuvant chemotherapy presented the worst prognosis. In particular, when the IHC expression pattern was CK5/6 (-), AR (-), and p53 (+), the disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were the worst. On the other hand, patients with AR (+) and p53 (-) TNBC presented a good prognosis. The analysis of the co-expression status of these three markers showed that no cells presented both AR and CK5/6 expression. Furthermore, TP53 mRNA expression was higher in patients with AR-negative TNBC (P < 0.05) and in patients with the worst prognosis (P < 0.05) than in the other patients. These results suggested that, in patients with CK5/6-negative TNBC, AR expression correlated with good prognosis, but p53 accumulation correlated with poor prognosis. The present IHC markers allowed us to predict the post-surgery prognosis of patients with TNBC. In conclusion, TNBCs are heterogeneous. Patients with the CK5/6 (-), AR (-), and p53 (+) TNBC subtype, evaluated by IHC, presented the worst prognosis. These IHC markers will be helpful to follow patients with TNBC.
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