ArticleInfection control and hospital epidemiology2015
Seasonal Variation of Common Surgical Site Infections: Does Season Matter?
Article in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04299737 (Improving Case Selection for Perioperative S. Aureus Transmission Surveillance to Reduce Surgical Site Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Case Selection for Perioperative S. Aureus Transmission Surveillance to Reduce Surgical Site Infections
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between extreme weather events and postoperative adverse outcomes: a systematic review.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Improving Basic Preventive Measures in the Perioperative Arena on Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Surgical Site Infections: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Operating under pressure: a scoping review of the effects of climate change on general surgery.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Comparative outcomes of gram-positive and gram-negative intraoperative infections in degenerative scoliosis: a 10-year propensity score-matched analysis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- The influence of seasonal factors on postoperative bacterial infection in lung transplantation patients: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Associated factors for surgical site infection with spinal instrumentation surgery.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Seasonal and cyclical variations in short-term postoperative outcomes of colorectal cancer: a time series analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Seasonal Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infections Following Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgeries and Pathogen Identification: A Retrospective Study in A Single Center in China.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Temporal patterns and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in surgery patients: A retrospective study in a major Chinese tertiary hospital.Infectious medicine · 2024Article
- The impact of resident training on robotic operative times: is there a July Effect?Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Article
- The importance of targeting intraoperative transmission of bacteria with antibiotic resistance and strain characteristics.American journal of infection control · 2023Article
- [Climate change and (surgical) health in context].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- How Antimicrobial Resistance Is Linked to Climate Change: An Overview of Two Intertwined Global Challenges.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Perspectives on research needs in healthcare epidemiology and antimicrobial stewardship: what's on the horizon - Part I.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Review
- The Temporality of Deep Surgical Site Infection Rates Following Spinal Laminectomy and Fusion.International journal of spine surgery · 2022Article
- Effect of climate on surgical site infections and anticipated increases in the United States.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Gram-negative central line-associated bloodstream infection incidence peak during the summer: a national seasonality cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Incidence of healthcare-associated infections with invasive devices and surgical procedures in Nepal.Public health action · 2021Article
- Seasonal impact on surgical site infections and wound healing disturbance in carpal tunnel surgery: A retrospective cohort study.International wound journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate seasonal variation in the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) following commonly performed surgical procedures.
designRetrospective cohort study.
methodsWe analyzed 6 years (January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2012) of data from the 15 most commonly performed procedures in 20 hospitals in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network. We defined summer as July through September. First, we performed 3 separate Poisson regression analyses (unadjusted, multivariable, and polynomial) to estimate prevalence rates and prevalence rate ratios of SSI following procedures performed in summer versus nonsummer months. Then, we stratified our results to obtain estimates based on procedure type and organism type. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of our findings.
resultsWe identified 4,543 SSI following 441,428 surgical procedures (overall prevalence rate, 1.03/100 procedures). The rate of SSI was significantly higher during the summer compared with the remainder of the year (1.11/100 procedures vs 1.00/100 procedures; prevalence rate ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.19]; P=.002). Stratum-specific SSI calculations revealed higher SSI rates during the summer for both spinal (P=.03) and nonspinal (P=.004) procedures and revealed higher rates during the summer for SSI due to either gram-positive cocci (P=.006) or gram-negative bacilli (P=.004). Multivariable regression analysis and sensitivity analyses confirmed our findings.
conclusionsThe rate of SSI following commonly performed surgical procedures was higher during the summer compared with the remainder of the year. Summer SSI rates remained elevated after stratification by organism and spinal versus nonspinal surgery, and rates did not change after controlling for other known SSI risk factors.
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