ArticleMolecular psychiatry2016
Gene expression in major depressive disorder.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 96 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 231 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systems-level transcriptomic analysis reveals synapse-related gene dysregulation in peripheral leukocytes of MDD patients.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Gene expression signatures of response to fluoxetine treatment: systematic review and meta-analyses.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- Genome-wide Burden of Rare Short Deletions Is Enriched in Major Depressive Disorder in Four Cohorts.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- The Gene Encoding Protocadherin 9 (PCDH9), a Novel Risk Factor for Major Depressive Disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Genetic Contributions of Inflammation to Depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Pooled it
- Rare Functional Variants Associated with Antidepressant Remission in Mexican-Americans: Short title: Antidepressant remission and pharmacogenetics in Mexican-Americans.Journal of affective disorders · 2021Trial
- Pro-inflammatory Monocyte Phenotype and Cell-Specific Steroid Signaling Alterations in Unmedicated Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Fast and slow gene expression changes in blood following acute social stress.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Adolescent multi-omics and Mendelian randomization reveal transdiagnostic molecular mechanisms in psychiatric disorders.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood CADM1 expression and multi-gene signatures in depressive disorders: a pilot case-control study from the United Arab Emirates.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Arzanol: A Review of Chemical Properties and Biological Activities.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Peripheral blood transcriptomic differences predict depression status in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Review
- Transcriptomic profiles in major depressive disorder: the role of immunometabolic and cell-cycle-related pathways in depression with different levels of inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Observational
- Neurotransmitter and metabolic effects of interferon-alpha in association with decreased striatal dopamine in a non-human primate model of cytokine-Induced depression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Association between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and depression in older hemodialysis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic decoding of regional cortical vulnerability to major depressive disorder.Communications biology · 2024Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The search for genetic variants underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) has not yet provided firm leads to its underlying molecular biology. A complementary approach is to study gene expression in relation to MDD. We measured gene expression in peripheral blood from 1848 subjects from The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Subjects were divided into current MDD (N=882), remitted MDD (N=635) and control (N=331) groups. MDD status and gene expression were measured again 2 years later in 414 subjects. The strongest gene expression differences were between the current MDD and control groups (129 genes at false-discovery rate, FDR<0.1). Gene expression differences across MDD status were largely unrelated to antidepressant use, inflammatory status and blood cell counts. Genes associated with MDD were enriched for interleukin-6 (IL-6)-signaling and natural killer (NK) cell pathways. We identified 13 gene expression clusters with specific clusters enriched for genes involved in NK cell activation (downregulated in current MDD, FDR=5.8 × 10(-5)) and IL-6 pathways (upregulated in current MDD, FDR=3.2 × 10(-3)). Longitudinal analyses largely confirmed results observed in the cross-sectional data. Comparisons of gene expression results to the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) MDD genome-wide association study results revealed overlap with DVL3. In conclusion, multiple gene expression associations with MDD were identified and suggest a measurable impact of current MDD state on gene expression. Identified genes and gene clusters are enriched with immune pathways previously associated with the etiology of MDD, in line with the immune suppression and immune activation hypothesis of MDD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.