ArticleToxins2015
Superantigens Modulate Bacterial Density during Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization.
Article in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multivalent nanobodies for potent and broad neutralization of Staphylococcus aureus toxins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus isolated from raw meat, meat products and veterinary samples of food-producing animals in South African provinces.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory synergy between protease and superantigen streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- Evidence that staphylococcal superantigens promote within-patient bacterial persistence following post-operative surgical site infection.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- TSST-1 promotes colonization ofInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Staphylococcal superantigens evoke temporary and reversible T cell anergy, but fail to block the development of a bacterium specific cellular immune response.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Antioxidant Octyl Gallate and Its Impact on Gut Microbiome.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Superantigens promoteProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Playing With Fire: Proinflammatory Virulence Mechanisms of Group AFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Murine Model of Sinusitis Infection for Screening Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Therapies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
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- Review
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- Allergy-A New Role for T Cell Superantigens ofToxins · 2020Review
- Genetic Diversity of Composite Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus epidermidis Pathogenicity Islands.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Impact of Superantigen-Producing Bacteria on T Cells from Tonsillar Hyperplasia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Manipulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by Staphylococcal Superantigens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- An experimental Staphylococcus aureus carriage and decolonization model in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are potent microbial toxins that function to activate large numbers of T cells in a T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-specific manner, resulting in excessive immune system activation. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a large repertoire of distinct SAgs, and in the context of host-pathogen interactions, staphylococcal SAg research has focused primarily on the role of these toxins in severe and invasive diseases. However, the contribution of SAgs to colonization by S. aureus remains unclear. We developed a two-week nasal colonization model using SAg-sensitive transgenic mice expressing HLA-DR4, and evaluated the role of SAgs using two well-studied stains of S. aureus. S. aureus Newman produces relatively low levels of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), and although we did not detect significant TCR-Vβ specific changes during wild-type S. aureus Newman colonization, S. aureus Newman Δsea established transiently higher bacterial loads in the nose. S. aureus COL produces relatively high levels of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and colonization with wild-type S. aureus COL resulted in clear Vβ8-specific T cell skewing responses. S. aureus COL Δseb established consistently higher bacterial loads in the nose. These data suggest that staphylococcal SAgs may be involved in regulating bacterial densities during nasal colonization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.