ReviewToxins2015
Perfringolysin O: The Underrated Clostridium perfringens Toxin?
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- Innovative Approaches Against Planktonic and Biofilm-ProducingVeterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Living Microbial Drugs.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Genomic and clinical determinants of extraintestinalmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Disrupting membranes, controlling cell fate: the role of pore-forming proteins in cell death and therapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- A Paradigm Shift in SSTI Management: The Multifunctional Role of Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- BrnQ Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transporters Influence Toxin Production by, but Not Growth of,Toxins · 2025Article
- Unveiling the pathogenic mechanisms ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2024Review
- The presence of differentiated C2C12 muscle cells enhances toxin production and growth byVirulence · 2024Article
- GutMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Clostridium perfringens-induced massive hemolysis treatment with blood purification to target toxins: a case report.CEN case reports · 2024Article
- Dynamic Gene Expression Mitigates Mutational Escape in Lysis-Driven Bacteria Cancer Therapy.Biodesign research · 2024Article
- A comprehensive review of experimental models and induction protocols for avian necrotic enteritis over the past 2 decades.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Types A and FApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Protein-lipid charge interactions control the folding of outer membrane proteins into asymmetric membranes.Nature chemistry · 2023Article
- Clostridium perfringens virulence factors are nonredundant activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Particular genomic and virulence traits associated with preterm infant-derived toxigenic Clostridium perfringens strains.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Clinical and Microbiological Features of Fulminant Haemolysis Caused byMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Article
- Piceatannol AlleviatesMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immunogenic and neutralization efficacy of recombinant perfringolysin O of Clostridium perfringens and its C-terminal receptor-binding domain in a murine model.Immunologic research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens expresses multiple toxins that promote disease development in both humans and animals. One such toxin is perfringolysin O (PFO, classically referred to as θ toxin), a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC). PFO is secreted as a water-soluble monomer that recognizes and binds membranes via cholesterol. Membrane-bound monomers undergo structural changes that culminate in the formation of an oligomerized prepore complex on the membrane surface. The prepore then undergoes conversion into the bilayer-spanning pore measuring approximately 250-300 Å in diameter. PFO is expressed in nearly all identified C. perfringens strains and harbors interesting traits that suggest a potential undefined role for PFO in disease development. Research has demonstrated a role for PFO in gas gangrene progression and bovine necrohemorrhagic enteritis, but there is limited data available to determine if PFO also functions in additional disease presentations caused by C. perfringens. This review summarizes the known structural and functional characteristics of PFO, while highlighting recent insights into the potential contributions of PFO to disease pathogenesis.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.