Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26005236›Full record

ArticleBiology & philosophy

Moving and sensing without input and output: early nervous systems and the origins of the animal sensorimotor organization.

Fred Keijzer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biology & philosophy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Animal navigation without mental representation.Phenomenology and the cognitive sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Early transitions in the evolution of cognition.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2025
    Article
  4. The social origins of consciousness.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Transitions in cognitive evolution.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Towards the Idea of Molecular Brains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Reafference and the origin of the self in early nervous system evolution.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Ultrafast epithelial contractions provide insights into contraction speed limits and tissue integrity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018
    Article
  19. Modelling the effects of short and random proto-neural elongations.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2017
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Fred KeijzerDepartment of Theoretical Philosophy, University of Groningen, Oude Boteringestraat 52, 9712 GL Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It remains a standing problem how and why the first nervous systems evolved. Molecular and genomic information is now rapidly accumulating but the macroscopic organization and functioning of early nervous systems remains unclear. To explore potential evolutionary options, a coordination centered view is discussed that diverges from a standard input-output view on early nervous systems. The scenario involved, the skin brain thesis (SBT), stresses the need to coordinate muscle-based motility at a very early stage. This paper addresses how this scenario with its focus on coordination also deals with sensory aspects. It will be argued that the neural structure required to coordinate extensive sheets of contractile tissue for motility provides the starting point for a new multicellular organized form of sensing. Moving a body by muscle contraction provides the basis for a multicellular organization that is sensitive to external surface structure at the scale of the animal body. Instead of thinking about early nervous systems as being connected to the environment merely through input and output, the implication developed here is that early nervous systems provide the foundation for a highly specific animal sensorimotor organization in which neural activity directly reflects bodily and environmental spatiotemporal structure. While the SBT diverges from the input-output view, it is closely linked to and supported by ongoing work on embodied approaches to intelligence to which it adds a new interpretation of animal embodiment and sensorimotor organization.

Indexed as

Coordination viewEarly nervous systemsEmbodimentInput–output viewSensorimotor organizationSkin brain thesis

Identifiers

PMID26005236
PMCPMC4438119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.