ArticleStructure (London, England : 1993)2015
Marine Macrocyclic Imines, Pinnatoxins A and G: Structural Determinants and Functional Properties to Distinguish Neuronal α7 from Muscle α1(2)βγδ nAChRs.
Article in Structure (London, England : 1993), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Portimine A maintains bioactivity following exposure to liver microsomes and cell lysates: no evidence for significant metabolic inactivation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Diverse toxins exhibit a common binding mode to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- The Chemistry of Phytoplankton.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- The Cyclic Imine Core Common to the Marine Macrocyclic Toxins Is Sufficient to Dictate Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonism.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Progress in Lewis-Acid-Templated Diels-Alder Reactions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Targeted Delivery of Potent Chemical Drugs and RNAi to Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Using RNA-Nanotechnology and RNA-Ligand Displaying Extracellular vesicles.RNA nanomed · 2024Article
- Highly Selective Synthesis of Seven-Membered Azaspiro Compounds by a Rh(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder Cascade of 1,5-Bisallenes.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2022Article
- Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Marine Origin Ligands of Nicotinic Receptors: Low Molecular Compounds, Peptides and Proteins for Fundamental Research and Practical Applications.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Article
- Acute Oral Toxicity of Pinnatoxin G in Mice.Toxins · 2020Article
- Structure-Function of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Inhibitors Derived From Natural Toxins.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
- Pinnatoxins' Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health.Marine drugs · 2019Review
- Synthetic Pinnatoxins A and G Reversibly Block Mouse Skeletal Neuromuscular Transmission In Vivo and In Vitro.Marine drugs · 2019Article
- Crystal Structure of the Monomeric Extracellular Domain of α9 Nicotinic Receptor Subunit in Complex With α-Conotoxin RgIA: Molecular Dynamics Insights Into RgIA Binding to α9α10 Nicotinic Receptors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Modulators from Cone Snails.Marine drugs · 2018Review
- Understanding structure-function relationships of the human neuronal acetylcholine receptor: insights from the first crystal structures of neuronal subunits.British journal of pharmacology · 2018Review
- Article
- Cyclic imine toxins from dinoflagellates: a growing family of potent antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.Journal of neurochemistry · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pinnatoxins are macrocyclic imine phycotoxins associated with algal blooms and shellfish toxicity. Functional analysis of pinnatoxin A and pinnatoxin G by binding and voltage-clamp electrophysiology on membrane-embedded neuronal α7, α4β2, α3β2, and muscle-type α12βγδ nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) reveals high-affinity binding and potent antagonism for the α7 and α12βγδ subtypes. The toxins also bind to the nAChR surrogate, acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP), with low Kd values reflecting slow dissociation. Crystal structures of pinnatoxin-AChBP complexes (1.9-2.2 Å resolution) show the multiple anchoring points of the hydrophobic portion, the cyclic imine, and the substituted bis-spiroketal and cyclohexene ring systems of the pinnatoxins that dictate tight binding between the opposing loops C and F at the receptor subunit interface, as observed for the 13-desmethyl-spirolide C and gymnodimine A congeners. Uniquely, however, the bulky bridged EF-ketal ring specific to the pinnatoxins extends radially from the interfacial-binding pocket to interact with the sequence-variable loop F and govern nAChR subtype selectivity and central neurotoxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.