ArticleFood and environmental virology2015
A 1-Year Quantitative Survey of Noro-, Adeno-, Human Boca-, and Hepatitis E Viruses in Raw and Secondarily Treated Sewage from Two Plants in Norway.
Article in Food and environmental virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Sewage, Surface Waters, and Other Environmental Milieux: A Meta-regression Modelling.Food and environmental virology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of human bocavirus as food safety risk in shellfish.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic insights into hepatitis E virus through environmental surveillance in Europe.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- First Report of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1-3 in Argentine Wastewater and Insights into Community Circulation.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Pepper mild mottle virus as a potential indicator of occupational exposure to airborne viruses in wastewater treatment plants.Annals of work exposures and health · 2025Article
- Wastewater Surveillance to Estimate and Characterize Hepatitis E Virus Circulation.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Wastewater and Clinical Based Epidemiology for Viral Surveillance in the Nile Delta of Egypt.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Targeted Enrichment Sequencing Utilizing a Respiratory Pathogen Panel for Genomic Wastewater-Based Viral Epidemiology in Uruguay.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Water-Based Epidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis E Virus in South Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Protocol for detection of pathogenic enteric RNA viruses by regular monitoring of environmental samples from wastewater treatment plants using droplet digital PCR.Science in One Health · 2024Article
- Review
- Hepatitis E virus in pigs and the environment: An updated review of public health concerns.Narra J · 2022Review
- Methods Evaluation for Rapid Concentration and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in Raw Wastewater Using Droplet Digital and Quantitative RT-PCR.Food and environmental virology · 2021Article
- Quantitative microbial risk assessment for occupational health of temporary entrants and staffs equipped with various grade PPE and exposed to microbial bioaerosols in two WWTPs.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Moose (Viruses · 2021Article
- The Effectiveness of Activated Sludge Procedure and UV-CFood and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment.Water research · 2020Review
- Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Wastewater and Urban Surface Waters in Germany.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A study of enteric viruses in raw and treated sewage from two secondary treatment plants, which received sewage from Oslo city (plant A) and small municipalities in Hedmark county in Norway (plant B), showed high levels of noro-, adeno-, and bocavirus throughout the year. A seasonal variation was observed for adeno- and GII norovirus with higher levels during winter and bocavirus that had more positive samples during winter. The virus concentrations in raw sewage were comparable in the two plants, with medians (log10 genome copies per liter) of 6.1, 6.3, 6.0, and 4.5 for noro GI, noro GII, adeno-, and bocavirus, respectively. The level of hepatitis E virus was not determined as it was below the limit of quantification. The mean log10 virus reduction was 0.55 (plant A) and 1.44 (plant B) with the highest reduction found in the plant with longer hydraulic retention time. The adenoviruses were dominantly serotype 41, while serotype 12 appeared sporadically. Of the 102 raw and treated sewage samples that were tested, eight were positive for hepatitis E virus of which four were from treated sewage. Two of the four obtained gene sequences from hepatitis E virus originated from the rural sewage samples and showed high similarity with a genotype 3 strain of hepatitis E virus detected in local piglets. Two other hepatitis E virus sequences obtained from urban sewage samples showed high similarities with genotype 3 strains isolated from urban sewage in Spain and a human genotype 1 isolate from India. The study gives information on the levels of noroviruses in raw and treated sewage, which is valuable to risk assessment, information indicating that some infections with hepatitis E viruses in Norway have a regional origin and that human bocavirus 2 and 3 are prevalent in the Norwegian population.
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