Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26002377›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015

Further validation of a marijuana purchase task.

Elizabeth R Aston, Jane Metrik, James MacKillop

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Imagining the future can shape the present: A systematic review of the impact of episodic future thinking on substance use outcomes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024
    Pooled it
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  4. Trial
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  6. Gimmie the Gummies: Initial validation of the Edibles Marijuana Purchase Task.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026
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  12. Hypothetical Purchase Task Metrics Predict Responding on an Incentivized Purchase Task for Full and Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  13. Artificial Intelligence Approximates Human Affect Ratings of Cannabis Images.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
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  14. Developing an online cannabis store paradigm for Cannabis Regulatory Science.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
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20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Elizabeth R AstonCenter for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. Electronic address: Elizabeth_Aston@Brown.edu.
Jane MetrikProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
James MacKillopDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7, Canada; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
Brown University · USMcMaster University · CA

Funding

ALCOHOL INTERVENTION/TREATMENT OUTCOME RESEARCH TRAININGT32AA007459 · NIAAA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI ROBERT MIRANDA, PETER M. MONTI · 1986 to 2026
$13.3M
Vulnerability to Drug Use & HIV: Advancing Prevention for Rural African AmericansP30DA027827 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI BRODY, GENE H. · 2009 to 2018
$10.2M
Enhancing Alcoholism Pharmacotherapy Research via Behavioral EconomicsK23AA016936 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI MACKILLOP, JAMES · 2008 to 2012
$805k
Genetic variation and marijuana's pharmacologic and cue-elicted effectsR03DA027484 · NIDA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI KNOPIK, VALERIE S, METRIK, JANE · 2009 to 2010
$483k
NIAAA NIH HHS 2T32AA007459NIAAA NIH HHS K23 AA016936NIAAA NIH HHS K23AA016936NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA007459NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA027827NIDA NIH HHS P30DA027827NIDA NIH HHS R03 DA027484NIDA NIH HHS R03DA027484
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA valid measure of the relative economic value of marijuana is needed to characterize individual variation in the drug's reinforcing value and inform evolving national marijuana policy. Relative drug value (demand) can be measured via purchase tasks, and demand for alcohol and cigarettes has been associated with craving, dependence, and treatment response. This study examined marijuana demand with a marijuana purchase task (MPT).

methodsThe 22-item self-report MPT was administered to 99 frequent marijuana users (37.4% female, 71.5% marijuana use days, 15.2% cannabis dependent).

resultsPearson correlations indicated a negative relationship between intensity (free consumption) and age of initiation of regular use (r=-0.34, p<0.001), and positive associations with use days (r=0.26, p<0.05) and subjective craving (r=0.43, p<0.001). Omax (maximum expenditure) was positively associated with use days (r=0.29, p<0.01) and subjective craving (r=0.27, p<0.01). Income was not associated with demand. An exponential demand model provided an excellent fit to the data across users (R(2)=0.99). Group comparisons based on presence or absence of DSM-IV cannabis dependence symptoms revealed that users with any dependence symptoms showed significantly higher intensity of demand and more inelastic demand, reflecting greater insensitivity to price increases.

conclusionsThese results provide support for construct validity of the MPT, indicating its sensitivity to marijuana demand as a function of increasing cost, and its ability to differentiate between users with and without dependence symptoms. The MPT may denote abuse liability and is a valuable addition to the behavioral economic literature. Potential applications to marijuana pricing and tax policy are discussed.

Indexed as

Behavior Rating ScaleCosts and Cost AnalysisReinforcement, PsychologyCommerceCravingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersFemaleHumansMaleMarijuana AbuseMarijuana SmokingSelf ReportBehavioral economicsCannabis dependenceDemand curveMarijuanaPurchase task

Identifiers

PMID26002377
PMCPMC4458181
OpenAlexW1546448744

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.