Trial reportAnesthesiology2015
Apnea after Awake Regional and General Anesthesia in Infants: The General Anesthesia Compared to Spinal Anesthesia Study--Comparing Apnea and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Anesthesiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 282 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Caudal block, high flow oxygen insufflation and dexmedetomidine sedation for inguinal hernia surgery in infants-A prospective evaluation of an alternative anesthesia technique.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2025Trial
- Comparison of supraglottic airway device and endotracheal tube in former preterm infants receiving general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- General Anesthesia Maintained with Sevoflurane versus Propofol in Pediatric Surgery Shorter Than 1 Hour: A Randomized Single-Blind Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age after general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled equivalence trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Differences in Blood Pressure in Infants After General Anesthesia Compared to Awake Regional Anesthesia (GAS Study-A Prospective Randomized Trial).Anesthesia and analgesia · 2017Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age after general anaesthesia and awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international multicentre, randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Age and Postoperative Unplanned Reintubation: A Retrospective Observational Study Using the NSQIP Pediatric Database.The Journal of urology · 2026Observational
- Response: Codeine in Breast Milk: Minimal Transfer, Still Risky for Neonates.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Nitrous Oxide and Midazolam Sedation Protocols in Pediatric Dentistry: A Multicenter Clinical Retrospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Low Detection Rate of Possible Anesthesia-Related Complications After Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair Challenges Current Postoperative Monitoring Protocols.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Adverse events and clinical risk factors during intrahospital transport of critically ill neonates: a prospective pilot study at a tertiary center in Vietnam.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Not just small adults-practical pearls in pediatric anesthesia: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2025Article
- A Prospective Clinical Study to Assess the Efficiency of Subarachnoid Block as Sole Anesthetic Method in Neonates Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgeries.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Involvement of anesthesiologists in pediatric sedation and analgesia outside the operating room in Japan: is it too late, or is there still time?Journal of anesthesia · 2025Review
- Pain and Analgesic Use Post-Procedure and Post-Discharge After Infant Spinal Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Effective and safe pediatric sedation.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2024Article
- Expert's tips on regional blocks in neonates and infants.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2024Article
- Comparative Study of Acute Stress in Infants Undergoing Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Clubfoot vs. Peripheral Line Placement.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk factors for delayed extubation after pediatric perineal anaplasty in patients less than 1 year of age: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPostoperative apnea is a complication in young infants. Awake regional anesthesia (RA) may reduce the risk; however, the evidence is weak. The General Anesthesia compared to Spinal anesthesia study is a randomized, controlled trial designed to assess the influence of general anesthesia (GA) on neurodevelopment. A secondary aim is to compare rates of apnea after anesthesia.
methodsInfants aged 60 weeks or younger, postmenstrual age scheduled for inguinal herniorrhaphy, were randomized to RA or GA. Exclusion criteria included risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome and infants born less than 26 weeks gestation. The primary outcome of this analysis was any observed apnea up to 12 h postoperatively. Apnea assessment was unblinded.
resultsThree hundred sixty-three patients were assigned to RA and 359 to GA. Overall, the incidence of apnea (0 to 12 h) was similar between arms (3% in RA and 4% in GA arms; odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.30, P = 0.2133); however, the incidence of early apnea (0 to 30 min) was lower in the RA arm (1 vs. 3%; OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.91; P = 0.0367). The incidence of late apnea (30 min to 12 h) was 2% in both RA and GA arms (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.41 to 3.33; P = 0.7688). The strongest predictor of apnea was prematurity (OR, 21.87; 95% CI, 4.38 to 109.24), and 96% of infants with apnea were premature.
conclusionsRA in infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy reduces apnea in the early postoperative period. Cardiorespiratory monitoring should be used for all ex-premature infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.