ArticleLGBT health2015
A Persistent Disparity: Smoking in Rural Sexual and Gender Minorities.
Article in LGBT health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-related regional and neighborhood correlates of sexual minority concentration: A systematic review.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Distinct Motives for Tobacco Use Among Rural Versus Urban Residing Sexual Minority Young Adults in Oklahoma and Surrounding States.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Structural Stigma and Inequities in Tobacco Use Among Sexual and Gender Minoritized People: Accounting for Context and Intersectionality.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Rural-urban Residence, Minority Stress, and Tobacco Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults in Oklahoma and Surrounding States.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2025Article
- Minority stressors and tobacco use among a US sample of sexual and gender minority young adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- A cluster randomized controlled trial for a multi-level, clinic-based smoking cessation program with women in Appalachian communities: study protocol for the "Break Free" program.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Article
- Emotional Distress, Bullying Victimization, and Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents in City, Suburban, Town, and Rural Locations.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2019Article
- Prevalence of use and perceptions of risk of novel and other alternative tobacco products among sexual minority adults: Results from an online national survey, 2014-2015.Preventive medicine · 2017Article
- Oncology healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors regarding LGBT health.Patient education and counseling · 2016Article
- "It's just a way of fitting in:" Tobacco use and the lived experience of lesbian, gay, and bisexual appalachians.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSexual and gender minorities (SGM) smoke cigarettes at higher rates than the general population. Historically, research in SGM health issues was conducted in urban populations and recent population-based studies seldom have sufficient SGM participants to distinguish urban from rural. Given that rural populations also tend to have a smoking disparity, and that many SGM live in rural areas, it is vitally important to understand the intersection of rural residence, SGM identity, and smoking. This study analyzes the patterns of smoking in urban and rural SGM in a large sample.
methodsWe conducted an analysis of 4280 adult participants in the Out, Proud, and Healthy project with complete data on SGM status, smoking status, and zip code. Surveys were conducted at 6 Missouri Pride Festivals and online in 2012. Analysis involved descriptive and bivariate methods, and multivariable logistic regression. We used GIS mapping to demonstrate the dispersion of rural SGM participants.
resultsSGM had higher smoking proportion than the non-SGM recruited from these settings. In the multivariable model, SGM identity conferred 1.35 times the odds of being a current smoker when controlled for covariates. Rural residence was not independently significant, demonstrating the persistence of the smoking disparity in rural SGM. Mapping revealed widespread distribution of SGM in rural areas.
conclusionThe SGM smoking disparity persists among rural SGM. These communities would benefit from continued research into interventions targeting both SGM and rural tobacco control measures. Recruitment at Pride Festivals may provide a venue for reaching rural SGM for intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.