ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2015
Global reported endophthalmitis risk following intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF: a literature review and analysis.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ideal intravitreal injection setting: office, ambulatory surgery room or operating theatre? A narrative review and international survey.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Pooled it
- Antibioprophylaxis in Prevention of Endophthalmitis in Intravitreal Injection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intravitreal ranibizumab versus aflibercept versus bevacizumab for macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion: the LEAVO non-inferiority three-arm RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Trial
- Comparison of Two Different Intravitreal Injection Techniques.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Trial
- Article
- Intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Observational
- Risk of ptosis following eyelid speculum assisted intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Bacterial endophthalmitis following anti-VEGF intravitreal injections: a retrospective case series.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- Intravitreal Injections during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: An Innovative Approach for a High Quality and Safe Treatment.European journal of ophthalmology · 2022Observational
- In vivo antimicrobial activity of 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops in patients undergoing intravitreal injections: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Review
- Post-injection endophthalmitis rates with reduced povidone-iodine prophylaxis in patients with self-reported iodine sensitivity.Eye (London, England) · 2021Article
- Inflammatory Complications of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Novel Needle for Intravitreal Drug Delivery: Comparative Study of Needle Tip Aspirates, Injection Stream and Penetration Forces.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections versus cataract surgery: a 15-year cohort.International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Acute Onset of Exogenous Endophthalmitis after Dexamethasone Implant Injection Treated without Implant Removal.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2018Article
- Correspondence.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2017Article
- Comparative cyto-histological study of needle tip aspirates and entry sites after intravitreal injection using different needle types.PloS one · 2017Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for diabetic macular oedema.BMJ clinical evidence · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo report on endophthalmitis occurrence and associated risk factors following the intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents based on a review of published literature. MATERIALS AND
methodsA Medline search was performed using the terms "bevacizumab" and "ranibizumab". A total of 534 English-language articles of varying design and published from 2006 to November 2013 were analyzed for endophthalmitis occurrence and contributing perioperative factors.
resultsA total of 445,503 injections were counted. There were 103 cases of postinjection endophthalmitis in 176,124 injections (0.058%) with bevacizumab (Avastin) versus 79 cases in 269,379 injections (0.029%) with ranibizumab (Lucentis). This difference was due to a significantly higher occurrence of culture-negative endophthalmitis associated with bevacizumab injections. Culture-positive risk was not statistically different between the two drugs. The reported use of postinjection topical antibiotics increased the risk of culture-positive endophthalmitis. No association was found with the use of povidone iodine, a lid speculum, a mask, or an operating room. Streptococcus spp. were the most prevalent causative organism, accounting for nine of 54 (17%) of all culture-positive cases.
conclusionReported postinjection endophthalmitis occurred significantly more in patients treated with bevacizumab than those treated with ranibizumab. However, culture-positive occurrence was similar. Despite the potential for contamination at the time of drug compounding, bevacizumab does not appear to confer a higher risk of culture-positive endophthalmitis than ranibizumab. This study also suggests antibiotic use may increase endophthalmitis occurrence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.