Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25999508›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2015

RNA structure. Structure of the HIV-1 RNA packaging signal.

Sarah C Keane, Xiao Heng, Kun Lu, Siarhei Kharytonchyk, Venkateswaran Ramakrishnan, Gregory Carter, Shawn Barton, Azra Hosic, Alyssa Florwick, Justin Santos and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 186 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
186citing papers in PubMed
15.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

186 citing papers in PubMed, 268 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. The biased adenosine-rich content of the HIV-1 genome serves as a molecular signature that facilitates efficient packaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. "Fertile" Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 RNA More Frequently Occurred in Hairpin Loops That Determine Virus Evolution.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025
    Article
  6. Application of NMR to Large RNAs.Journal of molecular biology · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Selective [9-Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sarah C KeaneHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Xiao HengHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Kun LuHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Siarhei KharytonchykDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA.
Venkateswaran RamakrishnanHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Gregory CarterHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Shawn BartonHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Azra HosicHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Alyssa FlorwickHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Justin SantosHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Nicholas C BoldenHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Sayo McCowinHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
David A CaseDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Bruce A JohnsonOne Moon Scientific, Incorporated, 839 Grant Avenue, Westfield, NJ 07090, USA, and City University of New York (CUNY) Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
Marco SalemiDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Alice TelesnitskyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA. summers@hhmi.umbc.edu ateles@umich.edu.
Michael F SummersHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. summers@hhmi.umbc.edu ateles@umich.edu.
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · US

Funding

The MARC U*STAR Program at UMBCT34GM008663 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY · PI ROBINSON, PHYLLIS R · 1997 to 2019
$21.9M
The Center for HIV RNA Studies (CRNA)P50GM103297 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI DAYIE, KWAKU · 2012 to 2016
$21.7M
NMR STUDIES OF RETROVIRAL NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEINSR01GM042561 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY · PI SUMMERS, MICHAEL FINLEY · 1994 to 2019
$9.4M
Viral evolution in peropheral macrophages and brain during progression to AIDSR01NS063897 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI SALEMI, MARCO · 2009 to 2021
$7.0M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIGMS NIH HHS 2T34 GM008663NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM 103297NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM103297NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM042561NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM42561NIGMS NIH HHS T34 GM008663NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS063897
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 5' leader of the HIV-1 genome contains conserved elements that direct selective packaging of the unspliced, dimeric viral RNA into assembling particles. By using a (2)H-edited nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach, we determined the structure of a 155-nucleotide region of the leader that is independently capable of directing packaging (core encapsidation signal; Ψ(CES)). The RNA adopts an unexpected tandem three-way junction structure, in which residues of the major splice donor and translation initiation sites are sequestered by long-range base pairing and guanosines essential for both packaging and high-affinity binding to the cognate Gag protein are exposed in helical junctions. The structure reveals how translation is attenuated, Gag binding promoted, and unspliced dimeric genomes selected, by the RNA conformer that directs packaging.

Indexed as

Virus AssemblyBase Sequencegag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusGenome, ViralGuanosineHIV-1Molecular Sequence DataNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularNucleic Acid ConformationPeptide Chain Initiation, TranslationalRNA SplicingRNA, Viralgag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusGuanosineRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID25999508
PMCPMC4492308
OpenAlexW2108699324

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.