ArticleStroke2015
Does Stroke Contribute to Racial Differences in Cognitive Decline?
Article in Stroke, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of post-stroke cognitive impairment in patients with periodontal disease.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2025Trial
- Ethnic Inequalities in Return to Work Post First Stroke: Findings From a Population-Based Cohort Study in South London.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Development and assessment of analytic methods to improve the measurement of cognition in longitudinal studies of aging through the use of substudies with comprehensive neuropsychological testing.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Source-Specific Air Pollution and Loss of Independence in Older Adults Across the US.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Trends in cognitive function before and after myocardial infarction: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Methods of a Study to Assess the Contribution of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Dementia Risk Alleles to Racial Disparities in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Trends in cognitive function before and after stroke in China.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Sex differences in post-stroke cognitive decline: A population-based longitudinal study of nationally representative data.PloS one · 2022Article
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia After Stroke: Design and Rationale for the DISCOVERY Study.Stroke · 2021Review
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Dysfunction in Rural West Elderly Texans.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2021Article
- Lack of association between acute stroke, post-stroke dementia, race, and β-amyloid status.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Article
- Improving Collateral Circulation: A Potential Adjunctive Strategy to Prevent or Slow the Progression of Vascular Dementia.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Review
- Association Between Blood Pressure and Later-Life Cognition Among Black and White Individuals.JAMA neurology · 2020Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in stroke outcomes: a scoping review of post-stroke disability assessment tools.Disability and rehabilitation · 2019Article
- Emerging molecular mechanisms of vascular dementia.Current opinion in hematology · 2019Review
- Predicted Brain Age After Stroke.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2019Article
- Differential Impact of Index Stroke on Dementia Risk in African-Americans Compared to Whites.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2018Article
- Stroke Risk and Vascular Dementia in South Asians.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2018Review
- Racial Differences in Neurocognitive Outcomes Post-Stroke: The Impact of Healthcare Variables.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeIt is unknown whether blacks' elevated risk of dementia is because of racial differences in acute stroke, the impact of stroke on cognitive health, or other factors. We investigated whether racial differences in cognitive decline are explained by differences in the frequency or impact of incident stroke between blacks and whites, controlling for baseline cognition.
methodsAmong 4908 black and white participants aged ≥65 years free of stroke and cognitive impairment in the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study with linked Medicare data (1998-2010), we examined longitudinal changes in global cognition (modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status) by race, before and after adjusting for time-dependent incident stroke followed by a race-by-incident stroke interaction term, using linear mixed-effects models that included fixed effects of participant demographics, clinical factors, and cognition, and random effects for intercept and slope for time.
resultsWe identified 34 of 453 (7.5%) blacks and 300 of 4455 (6.7%) whites with incident stroke over a mean (SD) of 4.1 (1.9) years of follow-up (P=0.53). Blacks had greater cognitive decline than whites (adjusted difference in modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score, 1.47 points; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.73 points). With further adjustment for cumulative incidence of stroke, the black-white difference in cognitive decline persisted. Incident stroke was associated with a decrease in global cognition (1.21 points; P<0.001) corresponding to ≈7.9 years of cognitive aging. The effect of incident stroke on cognition did not statistically differ by race (P=0.52).
conclusionsIn this population-based cohort of older adults, incident stroke did not explain black-white differences in cognitive decline or impact cognition differently by race.
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