Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25999371›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2015

SEX DETERMINATION. A male-determining factor in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Andrew Brantley Hall, Sanjay Basu, Xiaofang Jiang, Yumin Qi, Vladimir A Timoshevskiy, James K Biedler, Maria V Sharakhova, Rubayet Elahi, Michelle A E Anderson, Xiao-Guang Chen and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
169citing papers in PubMed
36.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

169 citing papers in PubMed, 344 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  7. Rapid turnover of sex-determining architecture in invasive mussels.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Deep evolutionary conservation of a sex-determining locus without sequence homology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
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  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Mosquito sex determination: recent advances and applications.Current opinion in insect science · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the adultbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Andrew Brantley HallInterdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Sanjay BasuFralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Xiaofang JiangInterdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Yumin QiDepartment of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Vladimir A TimoshevskiyFralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
James K BiedlerDepartment of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Maria V SharakhovaFralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Rubayet ElahiDepartment of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Michelle A E AndersonFralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Xiao-Guang ChenSchool of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Igor V SharakhovInterdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Zach N AdelmanInterdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. jaketu@vt.edu zachadel@vt.edu.
Zhijian TuInterdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. jaketu@vt.edu zachadel@vt.edu.
Virginia Tech · USSouthern Medical University · CN

Funding

Function of a novel male-specific gene in Aedes aegyptiR21AI113643 · NIAID · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI TU, ZHIJIAN JAKE · 2014 to 2015
$440k
NIAID NIH HHS AI113643NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI113643
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex determination in the mosquito Aedes aegypti is governed by a dominant male-determining factor (M factor) located within a Y chromosome-like region called the M locus. Here, we show that an M-locus gene, Nix, functions as an M factor in A. aegypti. Nix exhibits persistent M linkage and early embryonic expression, two characteristics required of an M factor. Nix knockout with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 resulted in largely feminized genetic males and the production of female isoforms of two key regulators of sexual differentiation: doublesex and fruitless. Ectopic expression of Nix resulted in genetic females with nearly complete male genitalia. Thus, Nix is both required and sufficient to initiate male development. This study provides a foundation for mosquito control strategies that convert female mosquitoes into harmless males.

Indexed as

Genes, InsectGenetic LociAedesAnimalsClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsFemaleGene Knockout TechniquesMaleMolecular Sequence DataMosquito ControlSex Determination Processes

Identifiers

PMID25999371
PMCPMC5026532
OpenAlexW1919573053

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.