Trial reportInternational journal of medical microbiology : IJMM
Virulence factors and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella strains from periurban areas of Lima (Peru).
Trial report in International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The increasing antimicrobial resistance ofPathogens and global health · 2023Pooled it
- Antibiotic resistance trends for common bacterial aetiologies of childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics, Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Genomic Analysis ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Traditional marketed meats as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and biofilm formation in different species of quinolone-resistant clinical Shigella isolates: a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH)Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The relationship between integrons, antibiotic resistance genes and SXT resistance inAmerican journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Ethnopharmacological Survey, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diarrhea in Southeastern Gabon.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Trends in antimicrobial resistance ofJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2023Article
- Class 1 and 2 Integrons in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Diarrhea and Bacteremia in Children Less Than 2 Years of Age from Peru.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Molecular detection and characterization of Shigella spp. harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in children with diarrhea in northwest Iran.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2022Article
- Burden, Antibiotic Resistance, and Clonality ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- A high number of multidrug-resistant and predominant genetically related cluster of Shigella flexneri strains isolated over 34 years in Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2020Article
- Emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella species harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in pediatric patients with diarrhea from southwest of Iran.Molecular biology reports · 2020Article
- Molecular characterization of Shigella species isolated from diarrheal patients in Tehran, Iran: phylogenetic typing and its association with virulence gene profiles and a novel description of Shigella invasion associated locus.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Shigella flexneri: an emerging pathogen.Folia microbiologica · 2020Review
- Virulence-Related Gene Distribution AmongInfection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- High Rates of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Distribution AmongInfection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- Virulence gene profiles ofPathogens and global health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The study was aimed to describe the serotype, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and virulence determinants in Shigella spp. isolated from Peruvian children. Eighty three Shigella spp. were serogrouped and serotyped being established the antibiotic susceptibility. The presence of 12 virulence factors (VF) and integrase 1 and 2, along with commonly found antibiotic resistance genes was established by PCR. S. flexneri was the most relevant serogroup (55 isolates, 66%), with serotype 2a most frequently detected (27 of 55, 49%), followed by S. boydii and S. sonnei at 12 isolates each (14%) and S. dysenteriae (four isolates, 5%). Fifty isolates (60%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR) including 100% of S. sonnei and 64% of S. flexneri. Resistance levels were high to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86%), tetracycline (74%), ampicillin (67%), and chloramphenicol (65%). Six isolates showed decreased azithromycin susceptibility. No isolate was resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, or ceftriaxone. The most frequent resistance genes were sul2 (95%), tet(B) (92%), cat (80%), dfrA1 (47%), blaOXA-1like (40%), with intl1 and intl2 detected in 51 and 52% of the isolates, respectively. Thirty-one different VF profiles were observed, being the ipaH (100%), sen (77%), virA and icsA (75%) genes the most frequently found. Differences in the prevalence of VF were observed between species with S. flexneri isolates, particularly serotype 2a, possessing high numbers of VF. In conclusion, this study highlights the high heterogeneity of Shigella VF and resistance genes, and prevalence of MDR organisms within this geographic region.
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