ArticleMedicine2015
Direct medical costs of hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases in Shanghai, China: trends and projections.
Article in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Direct Cardiovascular Event Costs: An International Perspective.PharmacoEconomics · 2019Pooled it
- The Persistent Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Africa.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Health economics assessment of statin therapy initiation thresholds for atherosclerosis prevention in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Simplified Models to Assess the Mechanical Performance Parameters of Stents.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Change in coronary heart disease hospitalization after chronic disease management: a programme policy in China.Health policy and planning · 2023Article
- Health care costs of cardiovascular disease in China: a machine learning-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Health system costs of rheumatic heart disease care in South Africa.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Potential Benefits of Flavonoids on the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Their Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle Excitability.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Childhood Obesity as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Adults: A Literature Review.Cureus · 2020Review
- Burden of cardiovascular diseases associated with fine particulate matter in Beijing, China: an economic modelling study.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- The Association of Cooking Fuel Use, Dietary Intake, and Blood Pressure among Rural Women in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown.Air quality, atmosphere, & health · 2020Article
- The Atherogenic Role of Circulating Modified Lipids in Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Economic Evaluation of the 2016 Chinese Guideline and Alternative Risk Thresholds of Initiating Statin Therapy for the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.PharmacoEconomics · 2019Article
- Predictors of high-cost hospitalization in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome in Asia: findings from EPICOR Asia.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2018Observational
- Article
- Article
- Direct medical costs of hospitalisations for mental disorders in Shanghai, China: a time series study.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Article
- How great is the medical burden of disease on the aged? Research based on "System of Health Account 2011".Health and quality of life outcomes · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Few studies in China have focused on direct expenditures for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), making cost trends for CVDs uncertain. Epidemic modeling and forecasting may be essential for health workers and policy makers to reduce the cost burden of CVDs.To develop a time series model using Box-Jenkins methodology for a 15-year forecasting of CVD hospitalization costs in Shanghai.Daily visits and medical expenditures for CVD hospitalizations between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012 were analyzed. Data from 2012 were used for further analyses, including yearly total health expenditures and expenditures per visit for each disease, as well as per-visit-per-year medical costs of each service for CVD hospitalizations. Time series analyses were performed to determine the long-time trend of total direct medical expenditures for CVDs and specific expenditures for each disease, which were used to forecast expenditures until December 31, 2030.From 2008 to 2012, there were increased yearly trends for both hospitalizations (from 250,354 to 322,676) and total costs (from US $ 388.52 to 721.58 million per year in 2014 currency) in Shanghai. Cost per CVD hospitalization in 2012 averaged US $ 2236.29, with the highest being for chronic rheumatic heart diseases (US $ 4710.78). Most direct medical costs were spent on medication. By the end of 2030, the average cost per visit per month for all CVDs was estimated to be US $ 4042.68 (95% CI: US $ 3795.04-4290.31) for all CVDs, and the total health expenditure for CVDs would reach over US $1.12 billion (95% CI: US $ 1.05-1.19 billion) without additional government interventions.Total health expenditures for CVDs in Shanghai are estimated to be higher in the future. These results should be a valuable future resource for both researchers on the economic effects of CVDs and for policy makers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.