Trial reportMedicine2015
Virtual reality training versus blended learning of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial with laparoscopic novices.
Trial report in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Virtual reality simulation in robot-assisted surgery: meta-analysis of skill transfer and predictability of skill.BJS open · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of training in pairs versus training alone on reaching proficiency in minimally invasive Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass on a virtual reality trainer in medical students: a randomized-controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Trial
- Cognitive learning versus practical "hands-on" training for acquisition of laparoscopic surgical skills: an optimal combination study.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Trial
- Structured feedback and operative video debriefing with critical view of safety annotation in training of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled study.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Trial
- Comparing a virtual reality head-mounted display to on-screen three-dimensional visualization and two-dimensional computed tomography data for training in decision making in hepatic surgery: a randomized controlled study.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Trial
- Video-based training of situation awareness enhances minimally invasive surgical performance: a randomized controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Trial
- Serious gaming and virtual reality in the multimodal training of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a randomized crossover study.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Trial
- Robotic-assisted cholecystectomy is superior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the initial training for surgical novices in an ex vivo porcine model: a randomized crossover study.Surgical endoscopy · 2022Trial
- Self-directed training with e-learning using the first-person perspective for laparoscopic suturing and knot tying: a randomised controlled trial : Learning from the surgeon's real perspective.Surgical endoscopy · 2020Trial
- Does rating with a checklist improve the effect of E-learning for cognitive and practical skills in bariatric surgery? A rater-blinded, randomized-controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2019Trial
- One or two trainees per workplace for laparoscopic surgery training courses: results from a randomized controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2019Trial
- LapTrain: multi-modality training curriculum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy-results of a randomized controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2018Trial
- Validation of the mobile serious game application Touch Surgery™ for cognitive training and assessment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2017Trial
- Training or non-surgical factors-what determines a good surgical performance? A randomised controlled trial.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2017Trial
- Trial
- App-based serious gaming for training of chest tube insertion: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2017Trial
- Sequential learning of psychomotor and visuospatial skills for laparoscopic suturing and knot tying-a randomized controlled trial "The Shoebox Study" DRKS00008668.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Simulation-based training and education in laparoscopic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study compared virtual reality (VR) training with low cost-blended learning (BL) in a structured training program.Training of laparoscopic skills outside the operating room is mandatory to reduce operative times and risks.Laparoscopy-naïve medical students were randomized in 2 groups stratified for sex. The BL group (n = 42) used E-learning for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and practiced basic skills with box trainers. The VR group (n = 42) trained basic skills and LC on the LAP Mentor II (Simbionix, Cleveland, OH). Each group trained 3 × 4 hours followed by a knowledge test concerning LC. Blinded raters assessed the operative performance of cadaveric porcine LC using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). The LC was discontinued when it was not completed within 80 min. Students evaluated their training modality with questionnaires.The VR group completed the LC significantly faster and more often within 80 min than BL (45% v 21%, P = .02). The BL group scored higher than the VR group in the knowledge test (13.3 ± 1.3 vs 11.0 ± 1.7, P < 0.001). Both groups showed equal operative performance of LC in the OSATS score (49.4 ± 10.5 vs 49.7 ± 12.0, P = 0.90). Students generally liked training and felt well prepared for assisting in laparoscopic surgery. The efficiency of the training was judged higher by the VR group than by the BL group.VR and BL can both be applied for training the basics of LC. Multimodality training programs should be developed that combine the advantages of both approaches.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.