ReviewToxins2015
Toxins Targeting the Kv1.3 Channel: Potential Immunomodulators for Autoimmune Diseases.
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Animal Venoms Targeting Cellular Mechanisms: Advances and Implications for Drug Discovery and Disease Therapy.Toxins · 2026Review
- Single-cell immune transcriptomics reveals an inflammatory-inhibitory set-point spectrum in autoimmune diabetes.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Toward the rational design of oncogenic TASK-3 channel inhibitor peptides and nanoconjugate complexes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The First KToxins · 2025Article
- Staphylococcal superantigens evoke temporary and reversible T cell anergy, but fail to block the development of a bacterium specific cellular immune response.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Harnessing the potency of scorpion venom-derived proteins: applications in cancer therapy.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2024Review
- Voltage-Gated KMarine drugs · 2024Review
- Extracellular modulation of TREK-2 activity with nanobodies provides insight into the mechanisms of K2P channel regulation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory effect ofThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Of Seven New KToxins · 2023Article
- Phytoplankton Toxins and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Journey toward the Quest for Potent Pharmaceuticals.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Genomic Structure of Two Kv1.3 Channel Blockers from Scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus and Sea Anemone Stichodactyla haddoni and Construction of their Chimeric Peptide as a Novel Blocker.Biochemical genetics · 2022Article
- Discovery of KMedicinal research reviews · 2021Review
- Unlocking the Health Potential of Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Bioactive Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Scorpion species of medical importance in the Brazilian Amazon: a review to identify knowledge gaps.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Anti-inflammatory Activity of Caspian Cobra (Naja naja oxiana) Snake Venom on the Serum Level of Interleukin-27 and Histopathological Changes in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitisinduced Mice.Archives of Razi Institute · 2021Article
- Immunological Responses to Envenomation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Apamin administration impact on miR-219 and miR-155-3p expression in cuprizone induced multiple sclerosis model.Molecular biology reports · 2020Article
- Scorpion Venom: Detriments and Benefits.Biomedicines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are usually accompanied by tissue injury caused by autoantigen-specific T-cells. KV1.3 channels participate in modulating calcium signaling to induce T-cell proliferation, immune activation and cytokine production. Effector memory T (TEM)-cells, which play major roles in many autoimmune diseases, are controlled by blocking KV1.3 channels on the membrane. Toxins derived from animal venoms have been found to selectively target a variety of ion channels, including KV1.3. By blocking the KV1.3 channel, these toxins are able to suppress the activation and proliferation of TEM cells and may improve TEM cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes mellitus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.