Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
A Comparison of the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence and Cigarette Dependence Scale in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Pregnant Smokers.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional network connectivity predicts treatment outcome during treatment of nicotine use disorder.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2017Trial
- Understanding fatigue severity and smoking deprivation in smoking behavior and urges: A pilot test.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Smoking: An Evaluation of IBS symptom severity and anxiety sensitivity among adults in the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2025Review
- Measuring cigarette dependence: A comparison of two scales in two different groups of smokers.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2022Article
- Saliva cotinine concentrations in pregnant women who smoke and use nicotine patches.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Article
- Psychometric properties of Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence: A systematic review.Industrial psychiatry journalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionValid and reliable brief measures of cigarette dependence are essential for research purposes and effective clinical care. Two widely-used brief measures of cigarette dependence are the six-item Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and five-item Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-5). Their respective metric characteristics among pregnant smokers have not yet been studied.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of data of pregnant smokers (N = 476) enrolled in a smoking cessation study. We assessed internal consistency, reliability, and examined correlations between the instruments and smoking-related behaviors for construct validity. We evaluated predictive validity by testing how well the measures predict abstinence 2 weeks after quit date.
resultsCronbach's alpha coefficient for the CDS-5 was 0.62 and for the FTCD 0.55. Measures were strongly correlated with each other, although FTCD, but not CDS-5, was associated with saliva cotinine concentration. The FTCD, CDS-5, craving to smoke, and withdrawal symptoms failed to predict smoking status 2 weeks following the quit date.
conclusionsSuboptimal reliability estimates and failure to predict short-term smoking call into question the value of including either of the brief measures in studies that aim to explain the obstacles to smoking cessation during pregnancy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.