Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25994509›Full record

Trial reportHuman molecular genetics2015

Gene × dietary pattern interactions in obesity: analysis of up to 68 317 adults of European ancestry.

Jennifer A Nettleton, Jack L Follis, Julius S Ngwa, Caren E Smith, Shafqat Ahmad, Toshiko Tanaka, Mary K Wojczynski, Trudy Voortman, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Kati Kristiansson and 61 more

Abstract readClinical TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Human molecular genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Polygenic Risk and Nutrient Intake Interactions on Obesity Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
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1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

71 authors.

Jennifer A NettletonDivision of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jack L FollisDepartment of Mathematics, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX, USA.
Julius S NgwaDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Caren E SmithJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Shafqat AhmadDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit.
Toshiko TanakaClinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mary K WojczynskiDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Trudy VoortmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Rozenn N LemaitreDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kati KristianssonUnit of Public Health Genomics.
Marja-Liisa NuotioUnit of Public Health Genomics, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
Denise K HoustonDepartment of Internal Medicine.
Mia-Maria PeräläDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
Qibin QiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Emily SonestedtDepartment of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Ani ManichaikulCenter for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Stavroula KanoniWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Andrea GannaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Vera MikkiläDepartment of Food and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Kari E NorthDepartment of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
David S SiscovickThe New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Kennet HaraldTHL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki 00300, Finland.
Nicola M MckeownJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Ingegerd JohanssonDepartment of Odontology.
Harri RissanenTHL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki 00300, Finland.
Yongmei LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
Jari LahtiInstitute of Behavioral Sciences, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
Frank B HuDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Stefania BandinelliGeriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy.
Gull RukhDepartment of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Stephen RichCenter for Public Health Genomics.
Lisanne BooijNetherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Maria DmitriouDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Erika AxDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
Olli RaitakariResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine.
Kenneth MukamalDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Satu MännistöDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
Göran HallmansDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
Antti JulaTHL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki 00300, Finland.
Ulrika EricsonDepartment of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
David R JacobsDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Frank J A Van RooijDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Panos DeloukasWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Per SjögrenDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Luc DjousseDivision of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Harvard Medical School and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
Markus PerolaUnit of Public Health Genomics, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland, University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Ülikooli 18, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
Inês BarrosoMetabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Kathleen StirrupsWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Jorma ViikariDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
André G UitterlindenNetherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Ioanna P KalafatiDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Dariush MozaffarianFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Veikko SalomaaTHL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki 00300, Finland.
Ingrid B BoreckiDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Paul KnektTHL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki 00300, Finland.
Stephen B KritchevskyDepartment of Internal Medicine.
Johan G ErikssonDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
George V DedoussisDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Lu QiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Luigi FerrucciClinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Marju Orho-MelanderDepartment of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
M Carola ZillikensNetherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Erik IngelssonDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Frida RenströmDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Biobank Research.
L Adrienne CupplesDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Ruth J F LoosThe Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Paul W FranksDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, paul.franks@med.lu.se.

Funding

Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI TWOROGER, SHELLEY S · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (UL1)UL1RR025005 · NCRR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2007 to 2011
$75.8M
UCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0M
CTSA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCHUL1RR024156 · NCRR · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI GINSBERG, HENRY N · 2006 to 2011
$53.0M
Transgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PETER J TONTONOZ · 2003 to 2026
$40.4M
Stable Isotope and Metabolomics CoreP60DK020541 · NIDDK · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI FLEISCHER, NORMAN S. · 1986 to 2014
$29.8M
Translational Research CoreP30DK020541 · NIDDK · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI STREAMSON C CHUA · 2015 to 2026
$27.7M
Transgenic CoreP30DK046200 · NIDDK · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI GREENBERG, ANDREW S, PERISSI, VALENTINA · 1992 to 2021
$25.0M
Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Essential Hypertension (FEHGAS study)R01HL086694 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI ARAVINDA CHAKRAVARTI · 2007 to 2026
$21.2M
RISK FACTORS FOR CVD IN WOMENR01HL034594 · NHLBI · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI JoAnn Elisabeth Manson, Lu Qi · 1985 to 2026
$13.8M
Epidemiology of Venous Thrombosis & Pulmonary EmbolismR01HL059367 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI TANG, WEIHONG · 1998 to 2024
$11.8M
BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN THE NURSES'HEALTH STUDY COHORTR01CA049449 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI HANKINSON, SUSAN E · 1989 to 2008
$11.3M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000124NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR000124NCI NIH HHS CA49449NCI NIH HHS CA87969NCRR NIH HHS RR-024156NCRR NIH HHS UL1RR025005NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004399NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004402NHLBI NIH HHS HL071981NHLBI NIH HHS HL073168NHLBI NIH HHS HL088521NHLBI NIH HHS HL34594NHLBI NIH HHS K08 HL112845NHLBI NIH HHS N01‐HC‐25195NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC55222NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85079NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85080NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85081NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85082NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85083NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85086NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95159NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95160NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95161NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95162NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95163NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95164NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95165NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95166NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95167NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95168NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95169NHLBI NIH HHS N02‐HL‐6‐4278NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL060712NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL086694NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL087641NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL087652NHLBI NIH HHS R01-HL-087700NHLBI NIH HHS R01-HL-088215NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL103612NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL103612NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL105756NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL105756NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL117078NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL120393NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL120393NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL59367NHLBI NIH HHS U01HL080295NIA NIH HHS K01 AG030506NIA NIH HHS N01-AG-6-2101NIA NIH HHS N01-AG-6-2103NIA NIH HHS N01-AG-6-2106NIA NIH HHS R01AG023629NIA NIH HHS R01-AG032098NIDDK NIH HHS 5K01DK082729-04NIDDK NIH HHS DK063491NIDDK NIH HHS DK080140NIDDK NIH HHS DK46200NIDDK NIH HHS DK58845NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK046200NIDDK NIH HHS P60 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS R01-DK-075681NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK089256NIDDK NIH HHS R01-DK-8925601NIMHD NIH HHS 263 MD 821336NIMHD NIH HHS 263 MD 9164PHS HHS HHSN268200625226CPHS HHS HHSN268200782096CPHS HHS HHSN268200800007CPHS HHS HHSN268201100005CPHS HHS HHSN268201100006CPHS HHS HHSN268201100007CPHS HHS HHSN268201100008CPHS HHS HHSN268201100009CPHS HHS HHSN268201100010CPHS HHS HHSN268201100011CPHS HHS HHSN268201100012CPHS HHS HHSN268201200036CWellcome Trust 089062/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 89061/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust WT098051
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obesity is highly heritable. Genetic variants showing robust associations with obesity traits have been identified through genome-wide association studies. We investigated whether a composite score representing healthy diet modifies associations of these variants with obesity traits. Totally, 32 body mass index (BMI)- and 14 waist-hip ratio (WHR)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped, and genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated in 18 cohorts of European ancestry (n = 68 317). Diet score was calculated based on self-reported intakes of whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds (favorable) and red/processed meats, sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes (unfavorable). Multivariable adjusted, linear regression within each cohort followed by inverse variance-weighted, fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to characterize: (a) associations of each GRS with BMI and BMI-adjusted WHR and (b) diet score modification of genetic associations with BMI and BMI-adjusted WHR. Nominally significant interactions (P = 0.006-0.04) were observed between the diet score and WHR-GRS (but not BMI-GRS), two WHR loci (GRB14 rs10195252; LYPLAL1 rs4846567) and two BMI loci (LRRN6C rs10968576; MTIF3 rs4771122), for the respective BMI-adjusted WHR or BMI outcomes. Although the magnitudes of these select interactions were small, our data indicated that associations between genetic predisposition and obesity traits were stronger with a healthier diet. Our findings generate interesting hypotheses; however, experimental and functional studies are needed to determine their clinical relevance.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexEpistasis, GeneticGenetic LociPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdultCase-Control StudiesDiet, WesternFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleObesityWhite People

Identifiers

PMID25994509
PMCPMC4512626

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.