ArticlePloS one2015
Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The untapped potential of vaginal microbiome diagnostics for improving women's health.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Deciphering disease through glycan codes: leveraging lectin microarrays for clinical insights.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Review
- The role of sialidases in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis and their use as a promising pharmacological target in bacterial vaginosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Resident microbes shape the vaginal epithelial glycan landscape.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- In vitro and ex vivo models for evaluating vaginal drug delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- N-glycosylation of cervicovaginal fluid reflects microbial community, immune activity, and pregnancy status.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Systems Analysis Reveals Contraceptive-Induced Alteration of Cervicovaginal Gene Expression in a Randomized Trial.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- Vaginal sialoglycan foraging by Gardnerella vaginalis: mucus barriers as a meal for unwelcome guests?Glycobiology · 2021Review
- Biogenic Amines Increase the Odds of Bacterial Vaginosis and Affect the Growth of and Lactic Acid Production by VaginalApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Preformulation Characterization of Griffithsin, a Biopharmaceutical Candidate for HIV Prevention.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2021Article
- The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The Microbiome as a Key Regulator of Female Genital Tract Barrier Function.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The vaginal metabolome and microbiota of cervical HPV-positive and HPV-negative women: a cross-sectional analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2020Article
- Comparative Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of the Vaginal ProbioticFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- The Vaginal Microbiome and its Potential to Impact Efficacy of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Women.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2017Review
- Eukaryotic protein glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2017Review
- Levonorgestrel in contraceptives and multipurpose prevention technologies: does this progestin increase HIV risk or interact with antiretrovirals?AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- The Interplay of Host Immunity, Environment and the Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Reproductive Health Outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Can one size fit all? Approach to bacterial vaginosis in sub-Saharan Africa.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2016Review
- The Effects of Hormones and Vaginal Microflora on the Glycome of the Female Genital Tract: Cervical-Vaginal Fluid.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.