ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2015
Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid invasion assay.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gliomas phenocopy an inborn error of metabolism to drive neuronal activity and tumor growth.Cell · 2026Article
- Shape factor analysis as a quantitative framework for assessing spheroid and organoid morphology and invasiveness.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Review
- Bridging In Vitro and Murine Breast Cancer Models: Advanced Imaging Across Multiscale Experimental Platforms.Cancers · 2026Review
- Deconstructing cancer in 3D: models, mechanisms, and personalized solutions.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Impeding hypoxia-driven tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical and pre-clinical analyses using 2D and 3D in vitro models.Biology direct · 2026Article
- AKAP2 is required for assembly of cytoskeletal signaling complexes that promote growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Nucleolin Transfer in Glioblastoma: A Targetable Axis Driving Blood-Tumour Barrier Formation.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- The Role of the HMGB1 C-Terminal Domain in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion in 2D and 3D MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Shape Factor Analysis as a Quantitative Framework for Assessing Spheroid and Organoid Morphology and Invasiveness.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 3 suppresses hypoxia-induced vasculogenic mimicry in glioma by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Snail2.Cell stress & chaperones · 2026Article
- Cell Invasion Analysis of Tumor Spheroids Using 2D Image Data.ACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- The Algal Antioxidant Carotenoid Diatoxanthin as a Modulator of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The rise of 3D spheroids in radiobiology for assessing tumour radioresistance.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2026Article
- Methods to analyze cell migration data: fundamentals and practical guidelines.Nature methods · 2026Review
- The lncRNA PACER Regulates Lung Adenocarcinoma Phenotypes via COX-2 Signaling and RNA Structural Dynamics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Bioengineering Stem Cell-Derived Glioblastoma Organoids: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- SpheroidSync as edge cutting transfer strategy for uniform and robust MCF7 spheroids in 3D culture.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The cell cycle regulator PLK1 promotes murine melanoma progression by regulating the transcription factor BACH1.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Phosphorylation of plectin by Akt3 promotes triple-negative breast cancer cell invasive migration.iScience · 2025Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in particular (e.g., brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck - SCCHN) it is a cause of severe morbidity and can be life-threatening even in the absence of distant metastases. In addition, cancers which have relapsed following treatment unfortunately often present with a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, there is an opportunity to target the process of invasion to provide novel therapies that could be complementary to standard anti-proliferative agents. Until now, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of robust, reproducible assays suitable for a detailed analysis of invasion and for drug screening. Here we provide a simple micro-plate method (based on uniform, self-assembling 3D tumor spheroids) which has great potential for such studies. We exemplify the assay platform using a human glioblastoma cell line and also an SCCHN model where the development of resistance against targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is associated with enhanced matrix-invasive potential. We also provide two alternative methods of semi-automated quantification: one using an imaging cytometer and a second which simply requires standard microscopy and image capture with digital image analysis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.