ArticleBiophysical journal2015
Swelling and softening of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus in response to pH shifts.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viruses under mechanical force: Implications and applications.Virus research · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of the extent of protein-protein interactions in icosahedral viral capsids.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy.Viruses · 2024Review
- An Observation of a Very High Swelling of Bromovirus Members at Specific Ionic Strengths and pH.Viruses · 2023Article
- Mechanical fatigue testing in silico: Dynamic evolution of material properties of nanoscale biological particles.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
- The Plant Viruses and Molecular Farming: How Beneficial They Might Be for Human and Animal Health?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Physics of viral dynamics.Nature reviews. Physics · 2021Review
- Single-particle virology.Biophysical reviews · 2020Review
- Encapsidation of Different Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles by the CCMV CP.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- pH stability and disassembly mechanism of wild-type simian virus 40.Soft matter · 2020Article
- Analytical Techniques to Characterize the Structure, Properties, and Assembly of Virus Capsids.Analytical chemistry · 2019Review
- Electrostatics-Driven Inflation of Elastic Icosahedral Shells as a Model for Swelling of Viruses.Biophysical journal · 2018Article
- Exploring the role of genome and structural ions in preventing viral capsid collapse during dehydration.Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal · 2018Article
- Varieties of charge distributions in coat proteins of ssRNA+ viruses.Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal · 2018Article
- Volume Transitions of Isolated Cell Nuclei Induced by Rapid Temperature Increase.Biophysical journal · 2017Article
- Probing the Link among Genomic Cargo, Contact Mechanics, and Nanoindentation in Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) forms highly elastic icosahedral protein capsids that undergo a characteristic swelling transition when the pH is raised from 5 to 7. Here, we performed nano-indentation experiments using an atomic force microscope to track capsid swelling and measure the shells' Young's modulus at the same time. When we chelated Ca(2+) ions and raised the pH, we observed a gradual swelling of the RNA-filled capsids accompanied by a softening of the shell. Control experiments with empty wild-type virus and a salt-stable mutant revealed that the softening was not strictly coupled to the swelling of the protein shells. Our data suggest that a pH increase and Ca(2+) chelation lead primarily to a loosening of contacts within the protein shell, resulting in a softening of the capsid. This appears to render the shell metastable and make swelling possible when repulsive forces among the capsid proteins become large enough, which is known to be followed by capsid disassembly at even higher pH. Thus, softening and swelling are likely to play a role during inoculation.
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