ArticleSchizophrenia research2015
Effects of sex, menstrual cycle phase, and endogenous hormones on cognition in schizophrenia.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decline in Working Memory in Stable Schizophrenia May Be Related to Attentional Impairment: Mediating Effects of Negative Symptoms, a Cross-Sectional Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Trial
- Preliminary evidence that oxytocin does not improve mentalizing in women with schizophrenia.Hormones and behavior · 2021Trial
- Sex-stratified associations between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in treatment-resistant vs. non-resistant schizophrenia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- The influence of sex on cognition in psychosis.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Arginine-vasopressin systems in autistic phenotype schizophrenia: effect of a genetic variant of AVPR1a and AVPR1b.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Prognostic prediction in schizophrenia using the Anderson-Gill time-dependent Cox model: a cohort study in a less-developed region of Southwest China.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The psychedelic-peptide paradox: a hormetic hypothesis.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Sex difference in alexithymia and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia: a large sample study based on Chinese Han population.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The neurobiological impact of oxytocin in mental health disorders: a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Antipsychotic-induced prolactin elevation in premenopausal women with schizophrenia: associations with estrogen, disease severity and cognition.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Obesity and Cognitive Function in Chinese Elderly Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Gender Difference in Cognitive Function Among Stable Schizophrenia: A Network Perspective.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Sex-specific effects of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on lifespan cognitive functioning in healthy individuals.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin modulates regional brain activity differently in men and women with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2018Article
- Plasma Oxytocin and Arginine-Vasopressin Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: Associations with Symptoms.Neuroscience bulletin · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn women with schizophrenia, cognition has been shown to be enhanced following administration of hormone therapy or oxytocin. We examined how natural hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle influence cognition in women with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that female patients would perform worse on "female-dominant" tasks (verbal memory/fluency) and better on "male-dominant" tasks (visuospatial) during the early follicular phase (low estradiol and progesterone) compared to midluteal phase (high estradiol and progesterone) in relation to estradiol but not progesterone.
methodsFifty-four women (23 with schizophrenia) completed cognitive assessments and provided blood for sex steroid assays and oxytocin at early follicular (days 2-4) and midluteal (days 20-22) phases. Men were included to verify the expected pattern of sex differences on cognitive tests.
resultsExpected sex differences were observed on "female-dominant" and "male-dominant" tasks (p<0.001), but the magnitude of those differences did not differ between patients and controls (p=0.44). Cognitive performance did not change across the menstrual cycle on "female-dominant" or "male-dominant" tasks in either group. Estradiol and progesterone levels were unrelated to cognitive performance. Oxytocin levels did not change across the menstrual cycle but were positively related to performance on "female-dominant" tasks in female patients only (p<0.05).
conclusionsSex differences in cognitive function are preserved in schizophrenia. Oxytocin levels do not change across the cycle, but relate to enhanced performance on female dominant tests in women. Physiological levels of oxytocin may thus have a more powerful benefit in some cognitive domains than estrogens in schizophrenia.
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