Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25989816›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and infection2016

Clostridium difficile in Crete, Greece: epidemiology, microbiology and clinical disease.

G Samonis, K Z Vardakas, G S Tansarli, D Dimopoulou, G Papadimitriou, D P Kofteridis, S Maraki, M Karanika, M E Falagas

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In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Incidence ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

G SamonisDepartment of Internal Medicine,University of Crete,Heraklion,Greece.
K Z VardakasAlfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS),Athens,Greece.
G S TansarliAlfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS),Athens,Greece.
D DimopoulouDepartment of Internal Medicine,University of Crete,Heraklion,Greece.
G PapadimitriouDepartment of Internal Medicine,University of Crete,Heraklion,Greece.
D P KofteridisDepartment of Internal Medicine,University of Crete,Heraklion,Greece.
S MarakiDepartment of Clinical Microbiology,University Hospital of Heraklion,Heraklion,Crete,Greece.
M KaranikaDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Physics,National Technical University of Athens,Athens,Greece.
M E FalagasAlfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS),Athens,Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We studied the epidemiology and microbiology of Clostridium difficile and the characteristics of patients with C. difficile infection (CDI) in Crete in three groups of hospitalized patients with diarrhoea: group 1 [positive culture and positive toxin by enzyme immunoassay (EIA)]; group 2 (positive culture, negative toxin); group 3 (negative culture, negative toxin). Patients in group 1 were designated as those with definitive CDI (20 patients for whom data was available) and matched with cases in group 2 (40 patients) and group 3 (40 patients). C. difficile grew from 6% (263/4379) of stool specimens; 14·4% of these had positive EIA, of which 3% were resistant to metronidazole. Three isolates had decreased vancomycin susceptibility. Patients in groups 1 and 2 received more antibiotics (P = 0·03) and had more infectious episodes (P = 0·03) than patients in group 3 prior to diarrhoea. Antibiotic administration for C. difficile did not differ between groups 1 and 2. Mortality was similar in all three groups (10%, 12·5% and 5%, P = 0·49). CDI frequency was low in the University Hospital of Crete and isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnti-Infective AgentsClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsDiarrheaFemaleGreeceHumansImmunoenzyme TechniquesMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAnti-Infective AgentsC. difficile-associated diarrhoeaC. difficile mortalityC. difficile resistanceC. difficile susceptibilityC. difficile toxin

Identifiers

PMID25989816
PMCPMC9507283

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.